def byte_size(s):
  return len(s.encode('utf-8'))
  
byte_size('😀') # 4
byte_size('Hello World') # 11

def sum_of_powers(end, power = 2, start = 1):
  return sum([(i) ** power for i in range(start, end + 1)])

sum_of_powers(10) # 385
sum_of_powers(10, 3) # 3025
sum_of_powers(10, 3, 5) # 2925

""" Calculator
----------------------------------------
"""
def addition ():
    print("Addition")
    n = float(input("Enter the number: "))
    t = 0 //Total number enter
    ans = 0
    while n != 0:
        ans = ans + n
        t+=1
        n = float(input("Enter another number (0 to calculate): "))
    return [ans,t]
def subtraction ():
    print("Subtraction");
    n = float(input("Enter the number: "))
    t = 0 //Total number enter
    sum = 0
    while n != 0:
        ans = ans - n
        t+=1
        n = float(input("Enter another number (0 to calculate): "))
    return [ans,t]
def multiplication ():
    print("Multiplication")
    n = float(input("Enter the number: "))
    t = 0 //Total number enter
    ans = 1
    while n != 0:
        ans = ans * n
        t+=1
        n = float(input("Enter another number (0 to calculate): "))
    return [ans,t]
def average():
    an = []
    an = addition()
    t = an[1]
    a = an[0]
    ans = a / t
    return [ans,t]
// main...
while True:
    list = []
    print(" My first python program!")
    print(" Simple Calculator in python by Malik Umer Farooq")
    print(" Enter 'a' for addition")
    print(" Enter 's' for substraction")
    print(" Enter 'm' for multiplication")
    print(" Enter 'v' for average")
    print(" Enter 'q' for quit")
    c = input(" ")
    if c != 'q':
        if c == 'a':
            list = addition()
            print("Ans = ", list[0], " total inputs ",list[1])
        elif c == 's':
            list = subtraction()
            print("Ans = ", list[0], " total inputs ",list[1])
        elif c == 'm':
            list = multiplication()
            print("Ans = ", list[0], " total inputs ",list[1])
        elif c == 'v':
            list = average()
            print("Ans = ", list[0], " total inputs ",list[1])
        else:
            print ("Sorry, invilid character")
    else:
        break

import itertools

def compute_permutations(string):
    # Generate all permutations of the string
    permutations = itertools.permutations(string)

    # Convert each permutation tuple to a string
    permutations = [''.join(permutation) for permutation in permutations]

    return permutations

# Prompt the user for a string
string = input("Enter a string: ")

# Compute permutations
permutations = compute_permutations(string)

# Display the permutations
print("Permutations:")
for permutation in permutations:
    print(permutation)

from itertools import product
V='∀'
E='∃'


def tt(f,n) :
  xss=product((0,1),repeat=n)
  print('function:',f.__name__)
  for xs in xss : print(*xs,':',int(f(*xs)))
  print('')

# p \/ (q /\ r) = (p \/ q) /\ (p \/ r)

def prob1(p,q,r) :
  x=p or (q and r)
  y= (p or q) and (p or r)
  return x==y

tt(prob1,3)

# p/\(q\/r)=(p/\q)\/(p/\r)

def prob2(p,q,r) :
  x=p and ( q or r )
  y=(p and q) or (p and r)
  return x==y

tt(prob2,3)

#~(p/\q)=(~p\/~q)

def prob3(p,q) :
  x=not (p and q)
  y=(not p) or (not q)
  return x==y
tt(prob3,2)

#(~(p\/q))=((~p)/\~q)

def prob4(p, q):
   x = not(p or q)
   y = not p and not q
   return x == y

tt(prob4, 2)

#(p/\(p=>q)=>q)

def prob5(p,q):
  x= p and ( not p or q)
  return not x or q
    
tt(prob5,2)

# (p=>q)=((p\/q)=q)

def prob6(p,q) :
  x = (not p or q)
  y=((p or q) == q)
  return x==y
 
tt(prob6,2)


#((p=>q)=(p\/q))=q
def prob7(p,q):
  if ((not p or q)==(p or q))==q:
    return 1
 
tt(prob7,2)



#(p=>q)=((p/\q)=p)
def prob8(p,q):
  if (not p or q)==((p and q)==p):
    return 1
 
tt(prob8,2)


#((p=>q)=(p/\q))=p

def prob9(p,q):
  if ((not p or q)==(p and q))==p:
    return '1'

tt(prob9,2)



#(p=>q)/\(q=>r)=>(p=>r)
def prob10(p,q,r) :
  x = not ((not p or q) and (not q or r)) or (not p or r)
  return x
 
tt(prob10, 3)


# (p = q) /\ (q => r)  => (p => r)
#answer 1
def prob11(p,q,r) :
  x = not((p is q) and (not q or r)) or (not p or r)
  return x
 
tt(prob11, 3)

#(p=q)/\(q=>r)=>(p=>r)
#answer 2
def prob11(p,q,r):
  x=(p==q) and (not q or r)
  y=not p or r
  return not x or y

tt(prob11,3)

#((p=>q)/\(q=r))=>(p=>r)

def prob12(p,q,r):
  x=(not p or q) and ( q==r )
  y=not p or r
  return not x or y

tt(prob12,3)

#(p=>q)=>((p/\r)=>(q/\r))

def prob13(p,q,r):
  x=not p or q
  y=(not(p and r) or ( q and r))
  return not x or y

tt(prob13,3)

#Question#2----------------------------------------

#(p=>q)=>r=p=>(q=>r)

def prob14(p,q,r):
  x=(not(not p or q) or r)
  y=(not p or (not q or r))
  return x==y

tt(prob14,3) 


def prob15(p, q):
    x = not(p and q)
    y = not p and not q
    return x == y

tt(prob15, 2)


def prob16(p, q):
    x = not(p or q)
    y = not p or not q
    return x == y

tt(prob16, 2)



def prob17(p):
    x = p
    y = not p
    return x == y

tt(prob17, 1)

print(“Hello World”)