import anytree as at
import random as rm

# Generate a tree with node_count many nodes. Each has a number key that shows when it was made and a randomly selected color, red or white.
def random_tree(node_count):
    
    # Generates the list of nodes
    nodes = []
    for i in range(node_count):
        test = rm.randint(1,2)
        if test == 1:
            nodes.append(at.Node(str(i),color="white"))
        else:
            nodes.append(at.Node(str(i),color="red"))
    
    #Creates the various main branches
    for i in range(node_count):
        for j in range(i, len(nodes)):
            test = rm.randint(1,len(nodes))
            if test == 1 and nodes[j].parent == None and (not nodes[i] == nodes[j]):
                nodes[j].parent = nodes[i]
    
    #Collects all the main branches into a single tree with the first node being the root
    for i in range(1, node_count):
        if nodes[i].parent == None and (not nodes[i] == nodes[0]):
            nodes[i].parent = nodes[0]

    return nodes[0]

# Prompt user for a decimal number
decimal = int(input("Enter a decimal number: "))

# Convert decimal to binary
binary = bin(decimal)

# Convert decimal to hexadecimal
hexadecimal = hex(decimal)

# Display the results
print("Binary:", binary)
print("Hexadecimal:", hexadecimal)

from collections import defaultdict

def collect_dictionary(obj):
  inv_obj = defaultdict(list)
  for key, value in obj.items():
    inv_obj[value].append(key)
  return dict(inv_obj)
  
ages = {
  'Peter': 10,
  'Isabel': 10,
  'Anna': 9,
}
collect_dictionary(ages) # { 10: ['Peter', 'Isabel'], 9: ['Anna'] }

magnitude = lambda bits: 1_000_000_000_000_000_000 % (2 ** bits)
sign = lambda bits: -1 ** (1_000_000_000_000_000_000 // (2 ** bits))

print("64 bit sum:", magnitude(64) * sign(64))
print("32 bit sum:", magnitude(32) * sign(32))
print("16 bit sum:", magnitude(16) * sign(16))

print(123)

def insertion_sort(arr):
    # Traverse through 1 to len(arr)
    for i in range(1, len(arr)):
        key = arr[i]
        # Move elements of arr[0..i-1], that are greater than key,
        # to one position ahead of their current position
        j = i - 1
        while j >= 0 and key < arr[j]:
            arr[j + 1] = arr[j]
            j -= 1
        arr[j + 1] = key

# Example usage:
arr = [12, 11, 13, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10]
insertion_sort(arr)
print("Sorted array is:", arr)