# Python Program to calculate the square root

num = float(input('Enter a number: '))

num_sqrt = num ** 0.5
print('The square root of %0.3f is %0.3f'%(num ,num_sqrt))

weigh = lambda a,b: sum(b)-sum(a)
FindCoin = lambda A: 0 if (n := len(A)) == 1 else (m := n//3) * (w := 1 + weigh(A[:m], A[2*m:])) + FindCoin(A[m*w:m*(w+1)])
print(FindCoin([1,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,1]))

# Input for row and column
R = int(input())
C = int(input())

# Using list comprehension for input
matrix = [[int(input()) for x in range (C)] for y in range(R)]

from collections import defaultdict

def combine_values(*dicts):
  res = defaultdict(list)
  for d in dicts:
    for key in d:
      res[key].append(d[key])
  return dict(res)
  
d1 = {'a': 1, 'b': 'foo', 'c': 400}
d2 = {'a': 3, 'b': 200, 'd': 400}

combine_values(d1, d2) # {'a': [1, 3], 'b': ['foo', 200], 'c': [400], 'd': [400]}

# importing the modules
import os
import shutil

# getting the current working directory
src_dir = os.getcwd()

# printing current directory
print(src_dir) 

# copying the files
shutil.copyfile('test.txt', 'test.txt.copy2') #copy src to dst

# printing the list of new files
print(os.listdir())

from typing import Optional

from datetime import datetime

def convert_timestamp_string_to_epoch(timestamp: str) -> Optional[int]:
    epoch_time = None
    time_obj = datetime.strptime(timestamp, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f")
    epoch_time = int((time_obj - datetime(1970, 1, 1)).total_seconds() * 1000)
    return epoch_time


print(int(convert_timestamp_string_to_epoch("2025-08-01 13:11:47.171")))
#above outputs 1754053907171.0

#how to I remove the .0 ?