bytes_data = b'Hello, World!'
string_data = bytes_data.decode('utf-8')
print("String:", string_data)

# question3.py
from itertools import product
V='∀'
E='∃'

def tt(f,n) :
  xss=product((0,1),repeat=n)
  print('function:',f.__name__)
  for xs in xss : print(*xs,':',int(f(*xs)))
  print('')

# this is the logic for part A (p\/q\/r) /\ (p\/q\/~r) /\ (p\/~q\/r) /\ (p\/~q\/~r) /\ (~p\/q\/r) /\ (~p\/q\/~r) /\ (~p\/~q\/r) /\ (~p\/~q\/~r)

def parta(p,q,r) :
  
  a=(p or q or r) and (p or q or not r) and (p or not q or r)and (p or not q or  not r)
  b=(not p or q or r ) and (not p or q or not r) and (not p or not q or r) and (not p or not q or not r)
  c= a and b
  return c

def partb(p,q,r) :
  a=(p or q and r) and (p or not q or not r) and (p or not q or not  r)and (p or q or  not r)
  b=(not p or q or r ) and (not p or q or not r) and (not p or not q or r) and (not p or not q or not r)
  c= a and b
  return c

print("part A:")
tt(parta,3)

print("part B:")
tt(partb,3)

weigh = lambda a,b: sum(b)-sum(a)
FindCoin = lambda A: 0 if (n := len(A)) == 1 else (m := n//3) * (w := 1 + weigh(A[:m], A[2*m:])) + FindCoin(A[m*w:m*(w+1)])
print(FindCoin([1,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,1]))

def sum_of_powers(end, power = 2, start = 1):
  return sum([(i) ** power for i in range(start, end + 1)])

sum_of_powers(10) # 385
sum_of_powers(10, 3) # 3025
sum_of_powers(10, 3, 5) # 2925

my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
removed_element = my_list.pop(2)  # Remove and return element at index 2
print(removed_element)  # 3
print(my_list)  # [1, 2, 4, 5]

last_element = my_list.pop()  # Remove and return the last element
print(last_element)  # 5
print(my_list)  # [1, 2, 4]

# Python code to find the URL from an input string
# Using the regular expression
import re

def Find(string):

	# findall() has been used
	# with valid conditions for urls in string
	regex = r"(?i)\b((?:https?://|www\d{0,3}[.]|[a-z0-9.\-]+[.][a-z]{2,4}/)(?:[^\s()<>]+|\(([^\s()<>]+|(\([^\s()<>]+\)))*\))+(?:\(([^\s()<>]+|(\([^\s()<>]+\)))*\)|[^\s`!()\[\]{};:'\".,<>?«»“”‘’]))"
	url = re.findall(regex,string)	
	return [x[0] for x in url]
	
# Driver Code
string = 'My Profile: https://codecatch.net'
print("Urls: ", Find(string))