def print_pyramid_pattern(n):
     
    # outer loop to handle number of rows
    # n in this case
    for i in range(0, n):
     
        # inner loop to handle number of columns
        # values changing acc. to outer loop
        for j in range(0, i+1):
         
            # printing stars
            print("* ",end="")
      
        # ending line after each row
        print("\r")
 
print_pyramid_pattern(10)

# Python binary search function
def binary_search(arr, target):
    left = 0
    right = len(arr) - 1
    while left <= right:
        mid = (left + right) // 2
        if arr[mid] == target:
            return mid
        elif arr[mid] < target:
            left = mid + 1
        else:
            right = mid - 1
    return -1

# Usage
arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
target = 7
result = binary_search(arr, target)
if result != -1:
    print(f"Element is present at index {result}")
else:
    print("Element is not present in array")

# Function to multiply two matrices
def multiply_matrices(matrix1, matrix2):
    # Check if the matrices can be multiplied
    if len(matrix1[0]) != len(matrix2):
        print("Error: The number of columns in the first matrix must be equal to the number of rows in the second matrix.")
        return None

    # Create the result matrix filled with zeros
    result = [[0 for _ in range(len(matrix2[0]))] for _ in range(len(matrix1))]

    # Perform matrix multiplication
    for i in range(len(matrix1)):
        for j in range(len(matrix2[0])):
            for k in range(len(matrix2)):
                result[i][j] += matrix1[i][k] * matrix2[k][j]

    return result

# Example matrices
matrix1 = [[1, 2, 3],
           [4, 5, 6],
           [7, 8, 9]]

matrix2 = [[10, 11],
           [12, 13],
           [14, 15]]

# Multiply the matrices
result_matrix = multiply_matrices(matrix1, matrix2)

# Display the result
if result_matrix is not None:
    print("Result:")
    for row in result_matrix:
        print(row)

print(“Hello World”)

def parse_ike_proposal(proposal):
    """
    Parse an IKE or ESP proposal string to extract encryption, hash, and DH group in human-readable format.
    
    Args:
        proposal (str): IKE or ESP proposal string, e.g., 'IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA1_96/PRF_HMAC_SHA1/MODP_1024'
                        or 'IKE:AES_GCM_16_256/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256/ECP_384' or 'ESP:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA1_96/NO_EXT_SEQ'
    
    Returns:
        dict: Dictionary with encryption, hash, and DH group in human-readable format
    """
    dh_mapping = {
        # Standard MODP groups from RFC 2409 and RFC 3526
        'MODP_768': '1',   # 768-bit MODP group
        'MODP_1024': '2',  # 1024-bit MODP group
        'MODP_1536': '5',  # 1536-bit MODP group
        'MODP_2048': '14', # 2048-bit MODP group
        'MODP_3072': '15', # 3072-bit MODP group
        'MODP_4096': '16', # 4096-bit MODP group
        'MODP_6144': '17', # 6144-bit MODP group
        'MODP_8192': '18', # 8192-bit MODP group
        # Elliptic Curve groups from RFC 5114 and RFC 5903
        'ECP_256': '19',   # 256-bit ECP group
        'ECP_384': '20',   # 384-bit ECP group
        'ECP_521': '21',   # 521-bit ECP group
        'ECP_192': '25',   # 192-bit ECP group
        'ECP_224': '26',   # 224-bit ECP group
        # MODP groups with subgroup sizes from RFC 5114
        'MODP_1024_160': '22', # 1024-bit MODP with 160-bit subgroup
        'MODP_2048_224': '23', # 2048-bit MODP with 224-bit subgroup
        'MODP_2048_256': '24', # 2048-bit MODP with 256-bit subgroup
        # Additional groups from RFC 7919 (FFDHE - Finite Field Diffie-Hellman Ephemeral)
        'FFDHE_2048': '256', # 2048-bit FFDHE group
        'FFDHE_3072': '257', # 3072-bit FFDHE group
        'FFDHE_4096': '258', # 4096-bit FFDHE group
        'FFDHE_6144': '259', # 6144-bit FFDHE group
        'FFDHE_8192': '260', # 8192-bit FFDHE group
        # Brainpool curves from RFC 6954
        'BRAINPOOL_P256R1': '28', # 256-bit Brainpool curve
        'BRAINPOOL_P384R1': '29', # 384-bit Brainpool curve
        'BRAINPOOL_P512R1': '30', # 512-bit Brainpool curve
        # Modern elliptic curve groups from RFC 8031
        'CURVE25519': '31', # 256-bit elliptic curve (Curve25519, 128-bit security)
        'CURVE448': '32',   # 448-bit elliptic curve (Curve448, 224-bit security)
    }
    
    enc_mapping = {
        # AES in CBC mode (RFC 3602, commonly used in IPsec and TLS)
        'AES_CBC_128': 'AES-128',       # 128-bit key, CBC mode
        'AES_CBC_192': 'AES-192',       # 192-bit key, CBC mode
        'AES_CBC_256': 'AES-256',       # 256-bit key, CBC mode
        # AES in GCM mode (RFC 4106, authenticated encryption for IPsec/TLS)
        'AES_GCM_16_128': 'AES-GCM-128', # 128-bit key, GCM mode, 16-byte ICV
        'AES_GCM_16_192': 'AES-GCM-192', # 192-bit key, GCM mode, 16-byte ICV
        'AES_GCM_16_256': 'AES-GCM-256', # 256-bit key, GCM mode, 16-byte ICV
        'AES_GCM_8_128': 'AES-GCM-128-8', # 128-bit key, GCM mode, 8-byte ICV
        'AES_GCM_8_256': 'AES-GCM-256-8', # 256-bit key, GCM mode, 8-byte ICV
        'AES_GCM_12_128': 'AES-GCM-128-12', # 128-bit key, GCM mode, 12-byte ICV
        'AES_GCM_12_256': 'AES-GCM-256-12', # 256-bit key, GCM mode, 12-byte ICV
        # AES in CCM mode (RFC 4309, used in IPsec and some wireless protocols)
        'AES_CCM_16_128': 'AES-CCM-128', # 128-bit key, CCM mode, 16-byte ICV
        'AES_CCM_16_256': 'AES-CCM-256', # 256-bit key, CCM mode, 16-byte ICV
        # AES in CTR mode (RFC 3686, used in some VPNs and SSH)
        'AES_CTR_128': 'AES-CTR-128',   # 128-bit key, CTR mode
        'AES_CTR_192': 'AES-CTR-192',   # 192-bit key, CTR mode
        'AES_CTR_256': 'AES-CTR-256',   # 256-bit key, CTR mode
        # Legacy and alternative algorithms
        '3DES_CBC': '3DES',             # Triple DES, CBC mode (RFC 2451, deprecated)
        'DES_CBC': 'DES',               # Single DES, CBC mode (RFC 2405, obsolete)
        'CAMELLIA_CBC_128': 'CAMELLIA-128', # 128-bit Camellia, CBC mode (RFC 5529)
        'CAMELLIA_CBC_256': 'CAMELLIA-256', # 256-bit Camellia, CBC mode (RFC 5529)
        'CHACHA20_POLY1305': 'CHACHA20-POLY1305', # ChaCha20 with Poly1305 (RFC 8032, used in TLS 1.3, OpenVPN)
        'BLOWFISH_CBC': 'BLOWFISH',     # Blowfish, CBC mode (non-standard, used in some OpenSSH/OpenVPN)
        'CAST5_CBC': 'CAST5',           # CAST-128, CBC mode (non-standard, used in some OpenVPN)
        # Null encryption (for testing or integrity-only scenarios, RFC 2410)
        'NULL': 'NULL'                  # No encryption, only integrity protection
    }
    
    hash_mapping = {
        # Legacy hash algorithms (RFC 2403, RFC 2404, deprecated in modern systems)
        'HMAC_MD5': 'MD5',                 # MD5 HMAC, 128-bit output (insecure, legacy use in IPsec/SSH)
        'HMAC_MD5_96': 'MD5-96',           # MD5 HMAC, truncated to 96 bits (IPsec)
        'HMAC_SHA1': 'SHA1',               # SHA1 HMAC, 160-bit output (legacy, used in IPsec/TLS)
        'HMAC_SHA1_96': 'SHA1-96',         # SHA1 HMAC, truncated to 96 bits (IPsec)
        # SHA2-based HMAC algorithms (RFC 4868, used in IPsec, TLS, SSH)
        'HMAC_SHA2_256': 'SHA2-256',       # SHA2-256 HMAC, full 256-bit output
        'HMAC_SHA2_256_128': 'SHA2-256-128', # SHA2-256 HMAC, truncated to 128 bits
        'HMAC_SHA2_384': 'SHA2-384',       # SHA2-384 HMAC, full 384-bit output
        'HMAC_SHA2_384_192': 'SHA2-384-192', # SHA2-384 HMAC, truncated to 192 bits
        'HMAC_SHA2_512': 'SHA2-512',       # SHA2-512 HMAC, full 512-bit output
        'HMAC_SHA2_512_256': 'SHA2-512-256', # SHA2-512 HMAC, truncated to 256 bits
        # SHA3-based HMAC algorithms (RFC 8009, emerging in modern protocols)
        'HMAC_SHA3_224': 'SHA3-224',       # SHA3-224 HMAC, 224-bit output
        'HMAC_SHA3_256': 'SHA3-256',       # SHA3-256 HMAC, 256-bit output
        'HMAC_SHA3_384': 'SHA3-384',       # SHA3-384 HMAC, 384-bit output
        'HMAC_SHA3_512': 'SHA3-512',       # SHA3-512 HMAC, 512-bit output
        # Authenticated encryption integrity (used with AES-GCM/CCM, RFC 4106, RFC 4309)
        'AES_GMAC_128': 'GMAC-128',        # AES-GMAC with 128-bit key
        'AES_GMAC_192': 'GMAC-192',        # AES-GMAC with 192-bit key
        'AES_GMAC_256': 'GMAC-256',        # AES-GMAC with 256-bit key
        # Poly1305 (RFC 8032, used with ChaCha20 in TLS 1.3, OpenVPN)
        'POLY1305': 'POLY1305',            # Poly1305 authenticator, 128-bit output
        # Null authentication (RFC 2410, for testing or encryption-only scenarios)
        'NONE': 'NULL'                     # No integrity protection
    }
    
    # Split the proposal into components
    components = proposal.split('/')
    
    # Initialize result dictionary
    result = {
        'encryption': 'Unknown',
        'hash': 'None',  # Default to 'None' for AEAD ciphers like AES-GCM
        'dh_group': 'None'  # Default to 'None' for ESP or proposals without DH
    }
    
    # Extract components based on expected length
    if len(components) == 4:  # Standard IKE format: IKE:ENC/HASH/PRF/DH
        result['encryption'] = enc_mapping.get(components[0].replace('IKE:', ''), 'Unknown')
        result['hash'] = hash_mapping.get(components[1], 'Unknown')
        result['dh_group'] = dh_mapping.get(components[3], 'None')
    elif len(components) == 3:  # AEAD IKE format: IKE:ENC/PRF/DH or ESP:ENC/HASH/EXT
        result['encryption'] = enc_mapping.get(components[0].replace('IKE:', '').replace('ESP:', ''), 'Unknown')
        if components[0].startswith('IKE:') and components[1].startswith('PRF_'):  # AEAD IKE (e.g., AES-GCM)
            result['hash'] = 'None'
            result['dh_group'] = dh_mapping.get(components[2], 'None')
        else:  # ESP format (e.g., ESP:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA1_96/NO_EXT_SEQ)
            result['hash'] = hash_mapping.get(components[1], 'Unknown')
            result['dh_group'] = 'None'  # ESP proposals typically lack DH groups
    
    return result
 
def process_proposals(proposal_list):
    """
    Process a list of IKE or ESP proposals, grouping by encryption and hash, and listing all DH groups.
    
    Args:
        proposal_list (str): Comma-separated string of IKE or ESP proposals
    
    Returns:
        dict: Dictionary mapping (encryption, hash) tuples to lists of DH groups
    """
    #print("PROPSOSAL LIST:", proposal_list)
    proposals = proposal_list.split(', ')
    grouped_proposals = {}
    
    for proposal in proposals:
        parsed = parse_ike_proposal(proposal.strip())
        key = (parsed['encryption'], parsed['hash'])
        dh_group = parsed['dh_group']
        
        if key not in grouped_proposals:
            grouped_proposals[key] = []
        if dh_group != 'None' and dh_group not in grouped_proposals[key]:
            grouped_proposals[key].append(dh_group)
    
    # Sort DH groups for consistency (numerically by group number)
    for key in grouped_proposals:
        grouped_proposals[key].sort(key=lambda x: int(x))
    
    # Format output as strings
    result = []
    for (enc, hash_val), dh_groups in grouped_proposals.items():
        hash_part = f" Hash {hash_val}" if hash_val != 'None' else ""
        dh_group_part = f" DH Group(s) {' '.join(dh_groups)}" if dh_groups else " DH Group(s) None"
        result.append(f"Encryption {enc}{hash_part}{dh_group_part}")
    
    return result
 
# Example usage
if __name__ == "__main__":
    proposals = """IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA1_96/PRF_HMAC_SHA1/MODP_1024, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA1_96/PRF_HMAC_SHA1/MODP_2048, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA1_96/PRF_HMAC_SHA1/MODP_3072, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA1_96/PRF_HMAC_SHA1/MODP_4096, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA1_96/PRF_HMAC_SHA1/MODP_6144, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA1_96/PRF_HMAC_SHA1/MODP_8192, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA1_96/PRF_HMAC_SHA1/ECP_256, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA1_96/PRF_HMAC_SHA1/ECP_384, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA1_96/PRF_HMAC_SHA1/ECP_521, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA1_96/PRF_HMAC_SHA1/MODP_1024_160, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA1_96/PRF_HMAC_SHA1/MODP_2048_224, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA1_96/PRF_HMAC_SHA1/MODP_2048_256, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA2_256_128/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256/MODP_1024, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA2_256_128/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256/MODP_2048, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA2_256_128/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256/MODP_3072, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA2_256_128/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256/MODP_4096, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA2_256_128/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256/MODP_6144, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA2_256_128/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256/MODP_8192, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA2_256_128/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256/ECP_256, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA2_256_128/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256/ECP_384, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA2_256_128/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256/ECP_521, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA2_256_128/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256/MODP_1024_160, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA2_256_128/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256/MODP_2048_224, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA2_256_128/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256/MODP_2048_256, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA2_384_192/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_384/MODP_1024, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA2_384_192/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_384/MODP_2048, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA2_384_192/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_384/MODP_3072, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA2_384_192/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_384/MODP_4096, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA2_384_192/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_384/MODP_6144, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA2_384_192/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_384/MODP_8192, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA2_384_192/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_384/ECP_256, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA2_384_192/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_384/ECP_384, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA2_384_192/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_384/ECP_521, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA2_384_192/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_384/MODP_1024_160, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA2_384_192/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_384/MODP_2048_224, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA2_384_192/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_384/MODP_2048_256, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA2_512_256/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_512/MODP_1024, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA2_512_256/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_512/MODP_2048, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA2_512_256/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_512/MODP_3072, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA2_512_256/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_512/MODP_4096, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA2_512_256/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_512/MODP_6144, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA2_512_256/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_512/MODP_8192, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA2_512_256/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_512/ECP_256, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA2_512_256/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_512/ECP_384, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA2_512_256/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_512/ECP_521, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA2_512_256/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_512/MODP_1024_160, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA2_512_256/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_512/MODP_2048_224, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA2_512_256/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_512/MODP_2048_256, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA1_96/PRF_HMAC_SHA1/MODP_1024, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA1_96/PRF_HMAC_SHA1/MODP_2048, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA1_96/PRF_HMAC_SHA1/MODP_3072, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA1_96/PRF_HMAC_SHA1/MODP_4096, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA1_96/PRF_HMAC_SHA1/MODP_6144, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA1_96/PRF_HMAC_SHA1/MODP_8192, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA1_96/PRF_HMAC_SHA1/ECP_256, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA1_96/PRF_HMAC_SHA1/ECP_384, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA1_96/PRF_HMAC_SHA1/ECP_521, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA1_96/PRF_HMAC_SHA1/MODP_1024_160, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA1_96/PRF_HMAC_SHA1/MODP_2048_224, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA1_96/PRF_HMAC_SHA1/MODP_2048_256, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_256_128/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256/MODP_1024, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_256_128/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256/MODP_2048, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_256_128/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256/MODP_3072, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_256_128/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256/MODP_4096, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_256_128/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256/MODP_6144, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_256_128/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256/MODP_8192, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_256_128/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256/ECP_256, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_256_128/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256/ECP_384, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_256_128/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256/ECP_521, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_256_128/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256/MODP_1024_160, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_256_128/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256/MODP_2048_224, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_256_128/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256/MODP_2048_256, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_384_192/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_384/MODP_1024, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_384_192/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_384/MODP_2048, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_384_192/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_384/MODP_3072, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_384_192/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_384/MODP_4096, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_384_192/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_384/MODP_6144, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_384_192/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_384/MODP_8192, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_384_192/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_384/ECP_256, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_384_192/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_384/ECP_384, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_384_192/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_384/ECP_521, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_384_192/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_384/MODP_1024_160, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_384_192/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_384/MODP_2048_224, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_384_192/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_384/MODP_2048_256, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_512_256/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_512/MODP_1024, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_512_256/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_512/MODP_2048, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_512_256/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_512/MODP_3072, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_512_256/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_512/MODP_4096, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_512_256/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_512/MODP_6144, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_512_256/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_512/MODP_8192, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_512_256/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_512/ECP_256, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_512_256/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_512/ECP_384, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_512_256/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_512/ECP_521, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_512_256/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_512/MODP_1024_160, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_512_256/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_512/MODP_2048_224, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_512_256/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_512/MODP_2048_256"""
    
 
    proposals_result = '\n'.join(process_proposals(proposals))
    print(f"AWS tunnel is processing proposals to find a matching configuration. AWS tunnel is configured as follows:\n\n{proposals_result}")

#Python program to print topological sorting of a DAG
from collections import defaultdict
  
#Class to represent a graph
class Graph:
    def __init__(self,vertices):
        self.graph = defaultdict(list) #dictionary containing adjacency List
        self.V = vertices #No. of vertices
  
    # function to add an edge to graph
    def addEdge(self,u,v):
        self.graph[u].append(v)
  
    # A recursive function used by topologicalSort
    def topologicalSortUtil(self,v,visited,stack):
  
        # Mark the current node as visited.
        visited[v] = True
  
        # Recur for all the vertices adjacent to this vertex
        for i in self.graph[v]:
            if visited[i] == False:
                self.topologicalSortUtil(i,visited,stack)
  
        # Push current vertex to stack which stores result
        stack.insert(0,v)
  
    # The function to do Topological Sort. It uses recursive 
    # topologicalSortUtil()
    def topologicalSort(self):
        # Mark all the vertices as not visited
        visited = [False]*self.V
        stack =[]
  
        # Call the recursive helper function to store Topological
        # Sort starting from all vertices one by one
        for i in range(self.V):
            if visited[i] == False:
                self.topologicalSortUtil(i,visited,stack)
  
        # Print contents of stack
        print(stack)
  
g= Graph(6)
g.addEdge(5, 2);
g.addEdge(5, 0);
g.addEdge(4, 0);
g.addEdge(4, 1);
g.addEdge(2, 3);
g.addEdge(3, 1);
  
print("Following is a Topological Sort of the given graph")
g.topologicalSort()