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from collections import defaultdictdef combine_values(*dicts):res = defaultdict(list)for d in dicts:for key in d:res[key].append(d[key])return dict(res)d1 = {'a': 1, 'b': 'foo', 'c': 400}d2 = {'a': 3, 'b': 200, 'd': 400}combine_values(d1, d2) # {'a': [1, 3], 'b': ['foo', 200], 'c': [400], 'd': [400]}
from time import sleepdef delay(fn, ms, *args):sleep(ms / 1000)return fn(*args)delay(lambda x: print(x), 1000, 'later') # prints 'later' after one second
#Python program to print topological sorting of a DAGfrom collections import defaultdict#Class to represent a graphclass Graph:def __init__(self,vertices):self.graph = defaultdict(list) #dictionary containing adjacency Listself.V = vertices #No. of vertices# function to add an edge to graphdef addEdge(self,u,v):self.graph[u].append(v)# A recursive function used by topologicalSortdef topologicalSortUtil(self,v,visited,stack):# Mark the current node as visited.visited[v] = True# Recur for all the vertices adjacent to this vertexfor i in self.graph[v]:if visited[i] == False:self.topologicalSortUtil(i,visited,stack)# Push current vertex to stack which stores resultstack.insert(0,v)# The function to do Topological Sort. It uses recursive# topologicalSortUtil()def topologicalSort(self):# Mark all the vertices as not visitedvisited = [False]*self.Vstack =[]# Call the recursive helper function to store Topological# Sort starting from all vertices one by onefor i in range(self.V):if visited[i] == False:self.topologicalSortUtil(i,visited,stack)# Print contents of stackprint(stack)g= Graph(6)g.addEdge(5, 2);g.addEdge(5, 0);g.addEdge(4, 0);g.addEdge(4, 1);g.addEdge(2, 3);g.addEdge(3, 1);print("Following is a Topological Sort of the given graph")g.topologicalSort()
""" Calculator----------------------------------------"""def addition ():print("Addition")n = float(input("Enter the number: "))t = 0 //Total number enterans = 0while n != 0:ans = ans + nt+=1n = float(input("Enter another number (0 to calculate): "))return [ans,t]def subtraction ():print("Subtraction");n = float(input("Enter the number: "))t = 0 //Total number entersum = 0while n != 0:ans = ans - nt+=1n = float(input("Enter another number (0 to calculate): "))return [ans,t]def multiplication ():print("Multiplication")n = float(input("Enter the number: "))t = 0 //Total number enterans = 1while n != 0:ans = ans * nt+=1n = float(input("Enter another number (0 to calculate): "))return [ans,t]def average():an = []an = addition()t = an[1]a = an[0]ans = a / treturn [ans,t]// main...while True:list = []print(" My first python program!")print(" Simple Calculator in python by Malik Umer Farooq")print(" Enter 'a' for addition")print(" Enter 's' for substraction")print(" Enter 'm' for multiplication")print(" Enter 'v' for average")print(" Enter 'q' for quit")c = input(" ")if c != 'q':if c == 'a':list = addition()print("Ans = ", list[0], " total inputs ",list[1])elif c == 's':list = subtraction()print("Ans = ", list[0], " total inputs ",list[1])elif c == 'm':list = multiplication()print("Ans = ", list[0], " total inputs ",list[1])elif c == 'v':list = average()print("Ans = ", list[0], " total inputs ",list[1])else:print ("Sorry, invilid character")else:break
def byte_size(s):return len(s.encode('utf-8'))byte_size('😀') # 4byte_size('Hello World') # 11
#SetsU = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}P = {1,2,3,4}Q = {4,5,6}R = {3,4,6,8,9}def set2bits(xs,us) :bs=[]for x in us :if x in xs :bs.append(1)else:bs.append(0)assert len(us) == len(bs)return bsdef union(set1,set2) :finalSet = set()bitList1 = set2bits(set1, U)bitList2 = set2bits(set2, U)for i in range(len(U)) :if(bitList1[i] or bitList2[i]) :finalSet.add(i)return finalSetdef intersection(set1,set2) :finalSet = set()bitList1 = set2bits(set1, U)bitList2 = set2bits(set2, U)for i in range(len(U)) :if(bitList1[i] and bitList2[i]) :finalSet.add(i)return finalSetdef compliment(set1) :finalSet = set()bitList = set2bits(set1, U)for i in range(len(U)) :if(not bitList[i]) :finalSet.add(i)return finalSetdef implication(a,b):return union(compliment(a), b)################################################################################################################# Problems 1-6 ###################################################################################################################################p \/ (q /\ r) = (p \/ q) /\ (p \/ r)def prob1():return union(P, intersection(Q,R)) == intersection(union(P,Q), union(P,R))#p /\ (q \/ r) = (p /\ q) \/ (p /\ r)def prob2():return intersection(P, union(Q,R)) == union(intersection(P,Q), intersection(P,R))#~(p /\ q) = ~p \/ ~qdef prob3():return compliment(intersection(P,R)) == union(compliment(P), compliment(R))#~(p \/ q) = ~p /\ ~qdef prob4():return compliment(union(P,Q)) == intersection(compliment(P), compliment(Q))#(p=>q) = (~q => ~p)def prob5():return implication(P,Q) == implication(compliment(Q), compliment(P))#(p => q) /\ (q => r) => (p => r)def prob6():return implication(intersection(implication(P,Q), implication(Q,R)), implication(P,R))print("Problem 1: ", prob1())print("Problem 2: ", prob2())print("Problem 3: ", prob3())print("Problem 4: ", prob4())print("Problem 5: ", prob5())print("Problem 6: ", prob6())'''Problem 1: TrueProblem 2: TrueProblem 3: TrueProblem 4: TrueProblem 5: TrueProblem 6: {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'''