int main()

#define NUM_BITS 8

#include <iostream>


struct Number{
    int num : NUM_BITS;
    Number(){}
    Number(const int& bruh){
        num = bruh;
    }
    operator int() const { return num; }
    Number& operator=(const int& bruh){
        num = bruh;
        return (*this);
    }
};

using namespace std;

bool isNegative(const int& num){
    //This gets the bitwise and of num and 10000000000000000000000000000000
    //This implicit casts to bool, which means (num & (1 << 31)) != 0
    return (num & (1 << 31));
}

void printBinaryNumber(const int& num, const int numBits){
    for(int i = numBits; i > 0; --i){
        //8..1
        int bitMask = 1 << (i-1);
        if(num & bitMask){ //Test the bit
            cout << '1';
        }else{
            cout << '0';
        }
    }
}

void printCarryBits(const int& a, const int& b, const int numBits){
    int answer = 0;
    
    bool carry = false;
    for(int i = 0; i < numBits; ++i){
        //8..1
        int bitMask = 1 << i;
        bool aBit = a & bitMask;
        bool bBit = b & bitMask;
        if(aBit && bBit || aBit && carry || bBit && carry){ //Carry bit is true next
            if(carry)
                answer |= bitMask;
            carry = true;
        }else{
            if(carry)
                answer |= bitMask;
            carry = false;
        }
    }
    printBinaryNumber(answer, 8);
}


void printBorrowBits(const int& a, const int& b, const int numBits){
    int answer = 0;
    
    bool carry = false;
    for(int i = 0; i < numBits; ++i){
        //8..1
        int bitMask = 1 << i;
        bool aBit = a & bitMask;
        bool bBit = b & bitMask;
        if((!(aBit ^ carry)) && bBit){ //Carry bit is true next
            if(carry)
                answer |= bitMask;
            carry = true;
        }else{
            if(carry)
                answer |= bitMask;
            carry = false;
        }
    }
    printBinaryNumber(answer, 8);
}

void doProblem(const int& a, const int& b, const char& sign, const int& result, const int& numBits){
    if(sign == '+'){
        cout << ' '; printCarryBits(a, b, numBits); cout << endl;
    }else{
        cout << ' '; printBorrowBits(a, b, numBits); cout << endl;
    }
    cout << ' '; printBinaryNumber(a, numBits); cout << endl;
    cout << sign; printBinaryNumber(b, numBits); cout << endl;
    cout << "----------" << endl;
    cout << ""; printBinaryNumber(result, numBits + 1); cout << " = " << result;
    cout << endl;
}

int main(){
    
    Number a = 0b110;
    Number b = 0b011;
    cout<< a << endl << b << endl;
    
    doProblem(a, b, '+', a + b, NUM_BITS);
    doProblem(a, b, '-', a - b, NUM_BITS);
    doProblem(-a, b, '+', -a + b, NUM_BITS);
    doProblem(a, b, '-', -a - b, NUM_BITS);
    

    return 0;
}

//Leif Messinger
//Compile with C++ 20
#include <iostream>
#include <ranges>
#include <vector>
#include <functional>
#include <cctype> //toupper
#include <cxxabi.h>

template <typename T>
void printType(){
    std::cout << abi::__cxa_demangle(typeid(T).name(), NULL, NULL, NULL) << std::endl;
}

template <typename T>
class Slicer{
    public:
        T begin_;
        T end_;
        T trueEnd;
        Slicer(T begin, T end): begin_(begin), end_(begin), trueEnd(end){}
        template<typename U>
        Slicer(U&& vec) : begin_(vec.begin()), end_(vec.begin()), trueEnd(vec.end()){}
        Slicer& finish(){
            begin_ = end_;
            end_ = trueEnd;
            return (*this);
        }
        Slicer& to(long int index){
            begin_ = end_;
            if(index > 0){
                end_ = (begin_ + index);
            }else{
                index *= -1;
                end_ = (trueEnd - index);
            }
            return (*this);
        }
        Slicer& operator[](long int index){
            return to(index);
        }
        T begin(){
            return this->begin_;
        }
        T end(){
            return this->end_;
        }
        Slicer& operator()(std::function<void(decltype(*begin_))> func) {
            for(decltype(*begin_) thing : (*this)){
                func(thing);
            }
            return (*this);
        }
};
static_assert(std::ranges::range< Slicer<std::vector<int>::const_iterator> >);

int main(){
    std::string vec = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
    Slicer<std::string::const_iterator> bruh(vec);
    
    //printType<decltype(bruh)>();

    bruh.to(3)([](char yeet){
        std::cout << yeet;
    })
    .to(-1)([](char yeet){
        std::cout << char(std::toupper(yeet));
    }).finish()([](char yeet){
        std::cout << yeet << yeet << yeet << yeet << yeet;
    });
    
    std::cout << std::endl << std::endl;
    
    int arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8};
    Slicer<int*> arrSlicer(arr, arr + (sizeof(arr)/sizeof(int)));
    
    std::cout << "[";
    arrSlicer.to(-1)([](int yeet){
        std::cout << yeet << ", ";
    }).finish()([](int yeet){
        std::cout << yeet << "]" << std::endl;
    });

    return 0;
}

#include "goat.h" //include goat.h

void Goat::setBreed(string breed) {
   this->breed = breed;
}
void Goat::setWeight(float weight) {
   this->weight = weight;
}
void Goat::setName(string name) {
   this->name = name;
}
void Goat::setGender(char gender) {
   this->gender = gender;
}
void Goat::setSpayed(bool goatIsSpayed) {
   this->goatIsSpayed = goatIsSpayed;
}
void Goat::setRegistrationID(string registrationID) {
   this->registrationID = registrationID;
}
void Goat::setColor(string color) {
   this->color = color;
}
void Goat::setOtherComments(string otherComments) {
   this->otherComments = otherComments;
}
string Goat::getBreed() {
   return breed;
}
float Goat::getWeight() {
   return weight;
}
string Goat::getName() {
   return name;
}
char Goat::getGender() {
   return gender;
}
bool Goat::getSpayed() {
   return goatIsSpayed;
}
string Goat::getRegistrationID() {
   return registrationID;
}
string Goat::getColor() {
   return color;
}
string Goat::getOtherComments() {
   return otherComments;
}

Goat::Goat() {
   breed = "";
   weight = 0.0;
   name = "";
   gender = '\0';
   goatIsSpayed = false;
   registrationID = "";
   color = "";
   otherComments = "";
}

Goat::Goat(string goatBreed, float goatWeight, string goatName, char goatGender, bool goatSpayedStatus, string goatRegistrationID, string goatColor, string goatOtherComments) {
  
   breed = goatBreed;
   weight = goatWeight;
   name = goatName;
   gender = goatGender;
   goatIsSpayed = goatSpayedStatus;
   registrationID = goatRegistrationID;
   color = goatColor;
   otherComments = goatOtherComments;
}

Goat::~Goat() {
   cout << "goat destroyed" << endl;
}

void Goat::printinfo() {  
   cout << "Breed: " << breed << endl << "weight: " << weight << endl << "Name: " << name << endl << "Gender: " << gender << endl << "is Spayed: ";
   if(goatIsSpayed) {  //here I do a logical test on boolean goatIsSpayed. if true cout << true else cout << false
      cout << "True";
   } else {
      cout << "False";
   }
   cout << endl << "Registration ID: " << registrationID << endl << "Color Description: " << color << endl << "Other Comments: " << otherComments << endl << endl;
}

#include <iostream>
int main(){
    const char* const hello = "Hello, world!";
    
    const char* bruh = hello;
    
    char* const yeet = hello;
    
    std::cout << bruh << std::endl;
    
    std::cout << yeet << std::endl;
    
    return 0;
}

/*
    Place your bets!
    
    Will the program:
    a.) Print "Hello, world!" twice?
    b.) Compile error on line 5 (bruh initialize line) because the pointer gets implicit cast to non-const?
    c.) Compile error on line 7 (yeet initialize line) because the char gets implicit cast to non-const?
    d.) Both b and c?
    e.) Compile error line 11 (print yeet) because the pointer is constant and can't be incremented
    f.) Print "Hello, world!" then print the pointer address in hexadecimal
    g.) Both b and e?
    h.) Both c and e?
    i.) B, c, and e?
    
*/

// The answer is in this base 64 string:
// 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

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <limits>

#define DEBUG_TRIAL false

class Trial{
    public:
        const size_t HEIGHT;
        std::string record;
        
        //Breaking height is the index of the floor, so 0 is the bottom floor, height-1 is the top floor.
        //Eggs is the eggs remaining.
        //Start is the bottom floor.
        //End is one above the top floor.
        const size_t BREAKING_HEIGHT;
        size_t eggs;
        size_t start;
        size_t end;
        
        
        size_t floorsLeft(){
            return (end-start);
        }
        
        size_t middle(){
            return start + (floorsLeft()/2UL);
        }
        
        size_t drops = 0;
        Trial(const size_t BREAKING_HEIGHT, size_t eggs, size_t start, size_t end): BREAKING_HEIGHT(BREAKING_HEIGHT), eggs(eggs), start(start), end(end), HEIGHT(end), record(end, '_'){
            record[BREAKING_HEIGHT] = 'B'; //Marking the breaking point
        }
        
        bool foundAnswer(){
            return ((record[0] == 'X') || (record.find("OX")!=std::string::npos));
        }
        
        //returns true if the egg broke.
        //height is the index of the floor, so 0 is the bottom floor, height-1 is the top floor.
        bool drop(size_t height){
            
            #if DEBUG_TRIAL
                std::cout << "Start: " << start << ". End: " << end << ". Floors Left: " << floorsLeft() << ". Middle Index: " << middle() << std::endl;
            #endif
            
            drops++;
            bool cracked = height >= BREAKING_HEIGHT;
            if(cracked) --eggs;
            
            //Update the record
            record[height] = (height >= BREAKING_HEIGHT)? 'X' : 'O';
            
            #if DEBUG_TRIAL
                //Print the record
                std::cout << record << std::endl;
            #endif
        
            return cracked;
        }
        
        size_t nowWhat(){
            if(foundAnswer()){
                return drops;
            }else if(eggs <= 0){ //Ran out of eggs
                throw "Algorithm failed! No more eggs!";
                return 1UL;
            }else if(eggs > 1){
                return wrecklessSearch();
            }else{
                return safeSearch();
            }
        }
        
        size_t safeSearch(){
            if(drop(start)){
                --end;
            }else{
                ++start;
            }
            
            return nowWhat();
        }
        
        size_t wrecklessSearch(){
            //If the egg breaks
            if(drop(middle())){
                end -= (floorsLeft()/2UL);
            }else{ //egg doesn't crack
                start += (floorsLeft()/2UL);
            }
            
            return nowWhat();
        }
        
        //returns the amount of drops needed to find the answer
        size_t search(){
            return nowWhat();
        }
};

//Height is the height of the building in floors.
//Breaking height is the index of the floor, so 0 is the bottom floor, height-1 is the top floor.
//Eggs is the eggs given.
//returns the amount of drops needed to find the answer
size_t search(const size_t height, const size_t BREAKING_HEIGHT, size_t eggs){
    Trial trial(BREAKING_HEIGHT, eggs, 0, height);
    return trial.search();
}

class TrialStats {
    public:
        size_t min = std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max();
        size_t max = 0;
        double mean = -1.0;
        
        void printStats(){
            // Print the results
            std::cout << "Minimum drops: " << min << std::endl;
            std::cout << "Maximum drops: " << max << std::endl;
            std::cout << "Mean drops: " << mean << std::endl;
        }
};

//Benchmarks all the possible breaking points of a single building height with a number of eggs.
TrialStats trial(const size_t HEIGHT, const size_t eggs){
    
    TrialStats stats;
    int totaldrops = 0;

    //Test every possible breaking point
    //Breaking height is the index of the floor, so 0 is the bottom floor, height-1 is the top floor.
    for (int breakingHeight = 0; breakingHeight < HEIGHT; ++breakingHeight) {
        size_t drops = search(HEIGHT, breakingHeight, eggs);

        stats.min = std::min(stats.min, drops);
        stats.max = std::max(stats.max, drops);
        totaldrops += drops;
    }

    // Calculate the mean number of drops
    stats.mean = static_cast<double>(totaldrops) / HEIGHT;
    
    return stats;
}

//Benchmarks a single building height from 1 egg to MAX_EGGS
void testTower(const size_t height, const size_t MAX_EGGS){
    //Drop every amount of eggs that you'd need.
    for (int eggs = 1; eggs <= MAX_EGGS; ++eggs) {
        std::cout << "Building height: " << height << ". Num eggs: " << eggs << std::endl;
        
        TrialStats stats = trial(height, eggs);
        stats.printStats();
        
        std::cout << std::endl << std::endl;
    }
}

//Benchmarks all buildings from 0 to MAX_HEIGHT
void benchmark(const size_t MAX_HEIGHT){
    const size_t MAX_EGGS = 2;
    //Test every building
    for (size_t height = 1; height <= MAX_HEIGHT; ++height) {
        testTower(height, std::min(height, MAX_EGGS));
    }
}

int main() {
    constexpr size_t MAX_HEIGHT = 36;
    
    benchmark(MAX_HEIGHT);

    return 0;
}