#define NUM_BITS 8

#include <iostream>


struct Number{
    int num : NUM_BITS;
    Number(){}
    Number(const int& bruh){
        num = bruh;
    }
    operator int() const { return num; }
    Number& operator=(const int& bruh){
        num = bruh;
        return (*this);
    }
};

using namespace std;

bool isNegative(const int& num){
    //This gets the bitwise and of num and 10000000000000000000000000000000
    //This implicit casts to bool, which means (num & (1 << 31)) != 0
    return (num & (1 << 31));
}

void printBinaryNumber(const int& num, const int numBits){
    for(int i = numBits; i > 0; --i){
        //8..1
        int bitMask = 1 << (i-1);
        if(num & bitMask){ //Test the bit
            cout << '1';
        }else{
            cout << '0';
        }
    }
}

void printCarryBits(const int& a, const int& b, const int numBits){
    int answer = 0;
    
    bool carry = false;
    for(int i = 0; i < numBits; ++i){
        //8..1
        int bitMask = 1 << i;
        bool aBit = a & bitMask;
        bool bBit = b & bitMask;
        if(aBit && bBit || aBit && carry || bBit && carry){ //Carry bit is true next
            if(carry)
                answer |= bitMask;
            carry = true;
        }else{
            if(carry)
                answer |= bitMask;
            carry = false;
        }
    }
    printBinaryNumber(answer, 8);
}


void printBorrowBits(const int& a, const int& b, const int numBits){
    int answer = 0;
    
    bool carry = false;
    for(int i = 0; i < numBits; ++i){
        //8..1
        int bitMask = 1 << i;
        bool aBit = a & bitMask;
        bool bBit = b & bitMask;
        if((!(aBit ^ carry)) && bBit){ //Carry bit is true next
            if(carry)
                answer |= bitMask;
            carry = true;
        }else{
            if(carry)
                answer |= bitMask;
            carry = false;
        }
    }
    printBinaryNumber(answer, 8);
}

void doProblem(const int& a, const int& b, const char& sign, const int& result, const int& numBits){
    if(sign == '+'){
        cout << ' '; printCarryBits(a, b, numBits); cout << endl;
    }else{
        cout << ' '; printBorrowBits(a, b, numBits); cout << endl;
    }
    cout << ' '; printBinaryNumber(a, numBits); cout << endl;
    cout << sign; printBinaryNumber(b, numBits); cout << endl;
    cout << "----------" << endl;
    cout << ""; printBinaryNumber(result, numBits + 1); cout << " = " << result;
    cout << endl;
}

int main(){
    
    Number a = 0b110;
    Number b = 0b011;
    cout<< a << endl << b << endl;
    
    doProblem(a, b, '+', a + b, NUM_BITS);
    doProblem(a, b, '-', a - b, NUM_BITS);
    doProblem(-a, b, '+', -a + b, NUM_BITS);
    doProblem(a, b, '-', -a - b, NUM_BITS);
    

    return 0;
}

#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include "PlaylistNode.h"
using namespace std;

PlaylistNode::PlaylistNode() {
   uniqueID = "none";
   songName = "none";
   artistName = "none";
   songLength = 0;
   nextNodePtr = 0;
}

PlaylistNode::PlaylistNode(string uniqueID_, string songName_, string artistName_, int songLength_) {
   uniqueID = uniqueID_;
   songName = songName_;
   artistName = artistName_;
   songLength = songLength_;
   nextNodePtr = 0;
}

void PlaylistNode::InsertAfter(PlaylistNode* ptr) {
   this->SetNext(ptr->GetNext());
   ptr->SetNext(this);
}

void PlaylistNode::SetNext(PlaylistNode* ptr) {
   nextNodePtr = ptr;
}

string PlaylistNode::GetID() {
   return uniqueID;
}

string PlaylistNode::GetSongName() {
   return songName;
}

string PlaylistNode::GetArtistName() {
   return artistName;
}

int PlaylistNode::GetSongLength() {
   return songLength;
}

PlaylistNode* PlaylistNode::GetNext() {
   return nextNodePtr;
}

void PlaylistNode::PrintPlaylistNode() {
   cout << "Unique ID: " << uniqueID << endl;
   cout << "Song Name: " << songName << endl;
   cout << "Artist Name: " << artistName << endl;
   cout << "Song Length (in seconds): " << songLength << endl;
}

Playlist::Playlist() {
   head = tail = 0;
}

void Playlist::AddSong(string id, string songname, string artistname, int length) {
   PlaylistNode* n = new PlaylistNode(id, songname, artistname, length);
   if (head == 0) {
      head = tail = n;
   }
   else {
      n->InsertAfter(tail);
      tail = n;
   }
}

bool Playlist::RemoveSong(string id) {
   if (head == NULL) {
      cout << "Playlist is empty" << endl;
      return false;
   }
   
   PlaylistNode* curr = head;
   PlaylistNode* prev = NULL;
   while (curr != NULL) {
      if (curr->GetID() == id) {
         break;
      }
      prev = curr;
      curr = curr->GetNext();
   }
   
   if (curr == NULL) {
      cout << "\"" << curr->GetSongName() << "\" is not found" << endl;
      return false;
   }
   else {
      if (prev != NULL) {
         prev ->SetNext(curr->GetNext());
      }
      else {
         head = curr->GetNext();
      }
      if (tail == curr) {
         tail = prev;
      }
      cout << "\"" << curr->GetSongName() << "\" removed." << endl;
      delete curr;
      return true;
   }
}

bool Playlist::ChangePosition(int oldPos, int newPos) {
   if (head == NULL) {
      cout << "Playlist is empty" << endl;
      return false;
   }
   
   PlaylistNode* prev = NULL;
   PlaylistNode* curr = head;
   
   int pos;
   if (head == NULL || head == tail) {
      return false;
   }
   
   for (pos = 1; curr != NULL && pos < oldPos; pos++) {
      prev = curr;
      curr = curr->GetNext();
   }
   if (curr != NULL) {
      string currentSong = curr->GetSongName();
      
      if (prev == NULL) {
         head = curr->GetNext();
      }
      else {
         prev->SetNext(curr->GetNext());
      }
      if (curr == tail) {
         tail = prev;
      }
      
      PlaylistNode* curr1 = curr;
      prev = NULL;
      curr = head;
      for (pos = 1; curr != NULL && pos < newPos; pos++) {
         prev = curr;
         curr = curr->GetNext();
      }
      if (prev == NULL) {
         curr1->SetNext(head);
         head = curr1;
      }
      else {
         curr1->InsertAfter(prev);
      }
      if (curr == NULL) {
         tail = curr1;
      }
      cout << "\"" << currentSong << "\" moved to position " << newPos << endl;
      return true;
   }
   else {
      cout << "Song's current position is invalid" << endl;
      return false;
   }
}

void Playlist::SongsByArtist(string artist) {
   if (head == NULL) {
      cout << "Playlist is empty" << endl;
   }
   else {
      PlaylistNode* curr = head;
      int i = 1;
      while (curr != NULL) {
         if (curr->GetArtistName() == artist) {
            cout << endl << i << "." << endl;
            curr->PrintPlaylistNode();
         }
         curr = curr->GetNext();
         i++;
      }
   }
}

int Playlist::TotalTime() {
   int total = 0;
   PlaylistNode* curr = head;
   
   while (curr != NULL) {
      total += curr->GetSongLength();
      curr = curr->GetNext();
   }
   return total;
}

void Playlist::PrintList() {
   if (head == NULL) {
      cout << "Playlist is empty" << endl;
   }
   else {
      PlaylistNode* curr = head;
      int i = 1;
      while (curr != NULL) {
         cout << endl << i++ << "." << endl;
         curr->PrintPlaylistNode();
         curr = curr->GetNext();
      }
   }
}

#include "goat.h" //include goat.h

void Goat::setBreed(string breed) {
   this->breed = breed;
}
void Goat::setWeight(float weight) {
   this->weight = weight;
}
void Goat::setName(string name) {
   this->name = name;
}
void Goat::setGender(char gender) {
   this->gender = gender;
}
void Goat::setSpayed(bool goatIsSpayed) {
   this->goatIsSpayed = goatIsSpayed;
}
void Goat::setRegistrationID(string registrationID) {
   this->registrationID = registrationID;
}
void Goat::setColor(string color) {
   this->color = color;
}
void Goat::setOtherComments(string otherComments) {
   this->otherComments = otherComments;
}
string Goat::getBreed() {
   return breed;
}
float Goat::getWeight() {
   return weight;
}
string Goat::getName() {
   return name;
}
char Goat::getGender() {
   return gender;
}
bool Goat::getSpayed() {
   return goatIsSpayed;
}
string Goat::getRegistrationID() {
   return registrationID;
}
string Goat::getColor() {
   return color;
}
string Goat::getOtherComments() {
   return otherComments;
}

Goat::Goat() {
   breed = "";
   weight = 0.0;
   name = "";
   gender = '\0';
   goatIsSpayed = false;
   registrationID = "";
   color = "";
   otherComments = "";
}

Goat::Goat(string goatBreed, float goatWeight, string goatName, char goatGender, bool goatSpayedStatus, string goatRegistrationID, string goatColor, string goatOtherComments) {
  
   breed = goatBreed;
   weight = goatWeight;
   name = goatName;
   gender = goatGender;
   goatIsSpayed = goatSpayedStatus;
   registrationID = goatRegistrationID;
   color = goatColor;
   otherComments = goatOtherComments;
}

Goat::~Goat() {
   cout << "goat destroyed" << endl;
}

void Goat::printinfo() {  
   cout << "Breed: " << breed << endl << "weight: " << weight << endl << "Name: " << name << endl << "Gender: " << gender << endl << "is Spayed: ";
   if(goatIsSpayed) {  //here I do a logical test on boolean goatIsSpayed. if true cout << true else cout << false
      cout << "True";
   } else {
      cout << "False";
   }
   cout << endl << "Registration ID: " << registrationID << endl << "Color Description: " << color << endl << "Other Comments: " << otherComments << endl << endl;
}

/*
Good morning! Here's your coding interview problem for today.

This problem was asked by LinkedIn.

A wall consists of several rows of bricks of various integer lengths and uniform height. Your goal is to find a vertical line going from the top to the bottom of the wall that cuts through the fewest number of bricks. If the line goes through the edge between two bricks, this does not count as a cut.

For example, suppose the input is as follows, where values in each row represent the lengths of bricks in that row:

[[3, 5, 1, 1],
	[2, 3, 3, 2],
	[5, 5],
	[4, 4, 2],
	[1, 3, 3, 3],
	[1, 1, 6, 1, 1]]

The best we can we do here is to draw a line after the eighth brick, which will only require cutting through the bricks in the third and fifth row.

Given an input consisting of brick lengths for each row such as the one above, return the fewest number of bricks that must be cut to create a vertical line.

AUTHORS NOTE:
Makes following assumptions:
- Each row is same length
- Data is in file called "data.dat" and formatted in space-separated rows
- The cuts at the beginning and end of the wall are not solutions

This requires the following file named data.dat that is a space separated file, or similar formatted file:
----START FILE----
3 5 1 1
2 3 3 2
5 5
4 4 2
1 3 3 3
1 1 6 1 1
----END FILE----
*/

#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <map>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	vector<vector<int>> wall;

	ifstream in;
	in.open("data.dat");
	if(!in.good())
	{
	cout << "ERROR: File failed to open properly.\n";
	}

	/* Get input from space separated file */
	string line;
	while(!in.eof())
	{
	getline(in, line);

	int i;
	vector<int> currv;
	stringstream strs(line);
	while(strs >> i)
	currv.push_back(i);
	wall.push_back(currv);
	}

	

	/* Convert each value from "length of brick" to "position at end of brick" */
	for(int y = 0; y < wall.size(); y++)
	{
	wall.at(y).pop_back(); //Delet last val
	for(int x = 1; x < wall.at(y).size(); x++) //Skip the first bc data doesn't need change
	wall.at(y).at(x) += wall.at(y).at(x-1);
	}

	/* Check output. COMMENT OUT */
	// for(auto row : wall)
	// {
	// for(int pos : row)
	// cout << pos << " ";
	// cout << endl;
	// }

	/* Determine which ending position is most common, and cut there */
	//Exclude final position, which will be the size of the wall

	int mode = -1;
	int amt = -1;
	vector<int> tried;
	for(auto row : wall)
	{
	for(int pos : row) //For each pos in the wall
	{
	//Guard. If pos is contained in the list, skip pos
	if(find(tried.begin(), tried.end(), pos) != tried.end())
	continue;
	tried.push_back(pos);

	/* Cycle through each row to see if it contains the pos */
	int curramt = 0;
	for(auto currrow : wall)
	{
	if( find( currrow.begin(), currrow.end(), pos ) != currrow.end() )
	curramt++;
	}
	//cout << pos << " " << curramt << endl; 

	if(curramt > amt)
	{
	amt = curramt;
	mode = pos;
	}
	}
	}

	cout << "Please cut at position " << mode << endl;
	cout << "This will cut through " << (wall.size() - amt) << " bricks." << endl;

	return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <utility>
#include <algorithm>
#include <chrono>
using namespace std;

#include <stdio.h>
#include <Windows.h>

int nScreenWidth = 120;			// Console Screen Size X (columns)
int nScreenHeight = 40;			// Console Screen Size Y (rows)
int nMapWidth = 16;				// World Dimensions
int nMapHeight = 16;

float fPlayerX = 14.7f;			// Player Start Position
float fPlayerY = 5.09f;
float fPlayerA = 0.0f;			// Player Start Rotation
float fFOV = 3.14159f / 4.0f;	// Field of View
float fDepth = 16.0f;			// Maximum rendering distance
float fSpeed = 5.0f;			// Walking Speed

int main()
{
	// Create Screen Buffer
	wchar_t *screen = new wchar_t[nScreenWidth*nScreenHeight];
	HANDLE hConsole = CreateConsoleScreenBuffer(GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, CONSOLE_TEXTMODE_BUFFER, NULL);
	SetConsoleActiveScreenBuffer(hConsole);
	DWORD dwBytesWritten = 0;

	// Create Map of world space # = wall block, . = space
	wstring map;
	map += L"#########.......";
	map += L"#...............";
	map += L"#.......########";
	map += L"#..............#";
	map += L"#......##......#";
	map += L"#......##......#";
	map += L"#..............#";
	map += L"###............#";
	map += L"##.............#";
	map += L"#......####..###";
	map += L"#......#.......#";
	map += L"#......#.......#";
	map += L"#..............#";
	map += L"#......#########";
	map += L"#..............#";
	map += L"################";

	auto tp1 = chrono::system_clock::now();
	auto tp2 = chrono::system_clock::now();
	
	while (1)
	{
		// We'll need time differential per frame to calculate modification
		// to movement speeds, to ensure consistant movement, as ray-tracing
		// is non-deterministic
		tp2 = chrono::system_clock::now();
		chrono::duration<float> elapsedTime = tp2 - tp1;
		tp1 = tp2;
		float fElapsedTime = elapsedTime.count();


		// Handle CCW Rotation
		if (GetAsyncKeyState((unsigned short)'A') & 0x8000)
			fPlayerA -= (fSpeed * 0.75f) * fElapsedTime;

		// Handle CW Rotation
		if (GetAsyncKeyState((unsigned short)'D') & 0x8000)
			fPlayerA += (fSpeed * 0.75f) * fElapsedTime;
		
		// Handle Forwards movement & collision
		if (GetAsyncKeyState((unsigned short)'W') & 0x8000)
		{
			fPlayerX += sinf(fPlayerA) * fSpeed * fElapsedTime;;
			fPlayerY += cosf(fPlayerA) * fSpeed * fElapsedTime;;
			if (map.c_str()[(int)fPlayerX * nMapWidth + (int)fPlayerY] == '#')
			{
				fPlayerX -= sinf(fPlayerA) * fSpeed * fElapsedTime;;
				fPlayerY -= cosf(fPlayerA) * fSpeed * fElapsedTime;;
			}			
		}

		// Handle backwards movement & collision
		if (GetAsyncKeyState((unsigned short)'S') & 0x8000)
		{
			fPlayerX -= sinf(fPlayerA) * fSpeed * fElapsedTime;;
			fPlayerY -= cosf(fPlayerA) * fSpeed * fElapsedTime;;
			if (map.c_str()[(int)fPlayerX * nMapWidth + (int)fPlayerY] == '#')
			{
				fPlayerX += sinf(fPlayerA) * fSpeed * fElapsedTime;;
				fPlayerY += cosf(fPlayerA) * fSpeed * fElapsedTime;;
			}
		}

		for (int x = 0; x < nScreenWidth; x++)
		{
			// For each column, calculate the projected ray angle into world space
			float fRayAngle = (fPlayerA - fFOV/2.0f) + ((float)x / (float)nScreenWidth) * fFOV;

			// Find distance to wall
			float fStepSize = 0.1f;		  // Increment size for ray casting, decrease to increase										
			float fDistanceToWall = 0.0f; //                                      resolution

			bool bHitWall = false;		// Set when ray hits wall block
			bool bBoundary = false;		// Set when ray hits boundary between two wall blocks

			float fEyeX = sinf(fRayAngle); // Unit vector for ray in player space
			float fEyeY = cosf(fRayAngle);

			// Incrementally cast ray from player, along ray angle, testing for 
			// intersection with a block
			while (!bHitWall && fDistanceToWall < fDepth)
			{
				fDistanceToWall += fStepSize;
				int nTestX = (int)(fPlayerX + fEyeX * fDistanceToWall);
				int nTestY = (int)(fPlayerY + fEyeY * fDistanceToWall);
				
				// Test if ray is out of bounds
				if (nTestX < 0 || nTestX >= nMapWidth || nTestY < 0 || nTestY >= nMapHeight)
				{
					bHitWall = true;			// Just set distance to maximum depth
					fDistanceToWall = fDepth;
				}
				else
				{
					// Ray is inbounds so test to see if the ray cell is a wall block
					if (map.c_str()[nTestX * nMapWidth + nTestY] == '#')
					{
						// Ray has hit wall
						bHitWall = true;

						// To highlight tile boundaries, cast a ray from each corner
						// of the tile, to the player. The more coincident this ray
						// is to the rendering ray, the closer we are to a tile 
						// boundary, which we'll shade to add detail to the walls
						vector<pair<float, float>> p;

						// Test each corner of hit tile, storing the distance from
						// the player, and the calculated dot product of the two rays
						for (int tx = 0; tx < 2; tx++)
							for (int ty = 0; ty < 2; ty++)
							{
								// Angle of corner to eye
								float vy = (float)nTestY + ty - fPlayerY;
								float vx = (float)nTestX + tx - fPlayerX;
								float d = sqrt(vx*vx + vy*vy); 
								float dot = (fEyeX * vx / d) + (fEyeY * vy / d);
								p.push_back(make_pair(d, dot));
							}

						// Sort Pairs from closest to farthest
						sort(p.begin(), p.end(), [](const pair<float, float> &left, const pair<float, float> &right) {return left.first < right.first; });
						
						// First two/three are closest (we will never see all four)
						float fBound = 0.01;
						if (acos(p.at(0).second) < fBound) bBoundary = true;
						if (acos(p.at(1).second) < fBound) bBoundary = true;
						if (acos(p.at(2).second) < fBound) bBoundary = true;
					}
				}
			}
		
			// Calculate distance to ceiling and floor
			int nCeiling = (float)(nScreenHeight/2.0) - nScreenHeight / ((float)fDistanceToWall);
			int nFloor = nScreenHeight - nCeiling;

			// Shader walls based on distance
			short nShade = ' ';
			if (fDistanceToWall <= fDepth / 4.0f)			nShade = 0x2588;	// Very close	
			else if (fDistanceToWall < fDepth / 3.0f)		nShade = 0x2593;
			else if (fDistanceToWall < fDepth / 2.0f)		nShade = 0x2592;
			else if (fDistanceToWall < fDepth)				nShade = 0x2591;
			else											nShade = ' ';		// Too far away

			if (bBoundary)		nShade = ' '; // Black it out
			
			for (int y = 0; y < nScreenHeight; y++)
			{
				// Each Row
				if(y <= nCeiling)
					screen[y*nScreenWidth + x] = ' ';
				else if(y > nCeiling && y <= nFloor)
					screen[y*nScreenWidth + x] = nShade;
				else // Floor
				{				
					// Shade floor based on distance
					float b = 1.0f - (((float)y -nScreenHeight/2.0f) / ((float)nScreenHeight / 2.0f));
					if (b < 0.25)		nShade = '#';
					else if (b < 0.5)	nShade = 'x';
					else if (b < 0.75)	nShade = '.';
					else if (b < 0.9)	nShade = '-';
					else				nShade = ' ';
					screen[y*nScreenWidth + x] = nShade;
				}
			}
		}

		// Display Stats
		swprintf_s(screen, 40, L"X=%3.2f, Y=%3.2f, A=%3.2f FPS=%3.2f ", fPlayerX, fPlayerY, fPlayerA, 1.0f/fElapsedTime);

		// Display Map
		for (int nx = 0; nx < nMapWidth; nx++)
			for (int ny = 0; ny < nMapWidth; ny++)
			{
				screen[(ny+1)*nScreenWidth + nx] = map[ny * nMapWidth + nx];
			}
		screen[((int)fPlayerX+1) * nScreenWidth + (int)fPlayerY] = 'P';

		// Display Frame
		screen[nScreenWidth * nScreenHeight - 1] = '\0';
		WriteConsoleOutputCharacter(hConsole, screen, nScreenWidth * nScreenHeight, { 0,0 }, &dwBytesWritten);
	}

	return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
  const int ROW_SIZE = 2;
  const int COLUMN_SIZE = 5;              //establish all variables
  int matrix[ROW_SIZE][COLUMN_SIZE];
  int minVal;

  for (int i = 0; i < ROW_SIZE; ++i)    // for loop to ask user to enter data.
  {
    for (int h = 0; h < COLUMN_SIZE; ++h) {
      cout << "Enter data for row #" << i + 1 << " and column #" << h + 1 << ": ";
      cin >> matrix[i][h];
    }
  }
  cout << "You entered: " << endl;
  for (int i = 0; i < ROW_SIZE; ++i) //for statements to output the array neatly
  {
    for (int h = 0; h < COLUMN_SIZE; ++h) {
      cout << matrix[i][h] << "\t";
    }
    cout << endl;
  }

  cout << "Minimum for each row is: {";
  for (int i = 0; i < ROW_SIZE; i++) //for statements to find the minimum in each row
  {
    minVal = matrix[i][0];

    for (int h = 0; h < COLUMN_SIZE; h++) {
      if (matrix[i][h] < minVal) // if matrix[i][h] < minVal -> minVal = matrix[i][h];
      {
        minVal = matrix[i][h];
      }
    }
    cout << minVal << ", ";
  }
  cout << "}" << endl;

  cout << "Minimum for each column is: {";
  for (int i = 0; i < COLUMN_SIZE; i++) //for statements to find the minimum in each column
  {
    minVal = matrix[0][i];
    for (int h = 0; h < ROW_SIZE; h++) {
      if (matrix[h][i] < minVal) //replaces minVal with array index for that column that is lowest
      {
        minVal = matrix[h][i];
      }
    }
    cout << minVal << ", ";
  }
  cout << "}" << endl;

  return 0;
}