Audio Frequency Amplitudes
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/*Good morning! Here's your coding interview problem for today.This problem was asked by LinkedIn.A wall consists of several rows of bricks of various integer lengths and uniform height. Your goal is to find a vertical line going from the top to the bottom of the wall that cuts through the fewest number of bricks. If the line goes through the edge between two bricks, this does not count as a cut.For example, suppose the input is as follows, where values in each row represent the lengths of bricks in that row:[[3, 5, 1, 1],[2, 3, 3, 2],[5, 5],[4, 4, 2],[1, 3, 3, 3],[1, 1, 6, 1, 1]]The best we can we do here is to draw a line after the eighth brick, which will only require cutting through the bricks in the third and fifth row.Given an input consisting of brick lengths for each row such as the one above, return the fewest number of bricks that must be cut to create a vertical line.AUTHORS NOTE:Makes following assumptions:- Each row is same length- Data is in file called "data.dat" and formatted in space-separated rows- The cuts at the beginning and end of the wall are not solutionsThis requires the following file named data.dat that is a space separated file, or similar formatted file:----START FILE----3 5 1 12 3 3 25 54 4 21 3 3 31 1 6 1 1----END FILE----*/#include <algorithm>#include <iostream>#include <fstream>#include <map>#include <sstream>#include <string>#include <vector>using namespace std;int main(){vector<vector<int>> wall;ifstream in;in.open("data.dat");if(!in.good()){cout << "ERROR: File failed to open properly.\n";}/* Get input from space separated file */string line;while(!in.eof()){getline(in, line);int i;vector<int> currv;stringstream strs(line);while(strs >> i)currv.push_back(i);wall.push_back(currv);}/* Convert each value from "length of brick" to "position at end of brick" */for(int y = 0; y < wall.size(); y++){wall.at(y).pop_back(); //Delet last valfor(int x = 1; x < wall.at(y).size(); x++) //Skip the first bc data doesn't need changewall.at(y).at(x) += wall.at(y).at(x-1);}/* Check output. COMMENT OUT */// for(auto row : wall)// {// for(int pos : row)// cout << pos << " ";// cout << endl;// }/* Determine which ending position is most common, and cut there *///Exclude final position, which will be the size of the wallint mode = -1;int amt = -1;vector<int> tried;for(auto row : wall){for(int pos : row) //For each pos in the wall{//Guard. If pos is contained in the list, skip posif(find(tried.begin(), tried.end(), pos) != tried.end())continue;tried.push_back(pos);/* Cycle through each row to see if it contains the pos */int curramt = 0;for(auto currrow : wall){if( find( currrow.begin(), currrow.end(), pos ) != currrow.end() )curramt++;}//cout << pos << " " << curramt << endl;if(curramt > amt){amt = curramt;mode = pos;}}}cout << "Please cut at position " << mode << endl;cout << "This will cut through " << (wall.size() - amt) << " bricks." << endl;return 0;}
#include <bits/stdc++.h>#define MAXSIZE 50000#define INF 100000using namespace std;vector<int> adj[MAXSIZE]; //Adjacency Listbool visited[MAXSIZE]; //Checks if a node is visited or not in BFS and DFSbool isConnected = true; //Checks if the input graph is connected or notint dist[MAXSIZE], discover[MAXSIZE], finish[MAXSIZE]; //Distance for BFS, in time and out time for DFSint t = 1; //Time used for DFSint u, v, i, j, k, N = 0;stack<int> st; //Stack for TopSortmultiset<pair<int, int>> s; //collection of pairs to sort by distancepair<int, int> current; //pointer variable to a position in the multisetvoid BFS(){queue<int> q; //queue for BFSq.push(1); //pushing the sourcedist[1] = 0; //assign the distance of source as 0visited[1] = 1; //marking as visitedwhile(!q.empty()){u = q.front();q.pop();for(i=0; i < adj[u].size(); i++){v = adj[u][i]; //Adjacent vertexif(!visited[v]) //if not visited, update the distance and push onto queue{visited[v] = 1;dist[v] = dist[u]+1;q.push(v);}}}for(i = 1; i <= N; i++){s.insert(make_pair(dist[i], i)); //for sorted distance}cout << "BFS results:" << endl;//prints BFS results and checks if the graph is connectedwhile(!s.empty()){current = *s.begin();s.erase(s.begin());i = current.second;j = current.first;if(j == INF) //if any infinite value, graph is not connected{cout << i << " INF" << endl;isConnected = false;}else{cout << i << " " << j << endl;}}//marks blocks of memory as visitedmemset(visited, 0, sizeof visited);}void dfsSearch(int s){visited[s] = 1; //marking it visiteddiscover[s] = t++; //assigning and incrementing timeint i, v;for(i = 0; i < adj[s].size(); i++){v = adj[s][i];if(!visited[v]) //if vertex is not visited then visit, else continue{dfsSearch(v);}}st.push(s); //pushed onto stack for TopSort if it was calledfinish[s] = t++; //out time}void DFS(){for(i = 1; i <= N; i++){if(visited[i]) //if visited continue, else visit it with DFS{continue;}dfsSearch(i); //embedded function to actually perform DFS}for(i=1;i<=N;i++){s.insert(make_pair(discover[i], i)); //minheap for sorted discovery time}cout << "DFS results:" << endl;while(!s.empty()) //Prints DFS results as long as the multiset is not empty{current = *s.begin(); //duplicates the pointer to first object in the multisets.erase(s.begin()); //erases the first object in multiseti = current.second;cout << i << " " << discover[i] << " " << finish[i] << endl; //prints discover times and finish times}}void TopSort(){//call DFS so we can have a sorted stack to printfor(i=1;i<=N;i++){if(visited[i]){continue;}dfsSearch(i);}cout<<"Topological Sort results:"<<endl;//print sorted results from DFSwhile(!st.empty()){i = st.top();st.pop();cout << i << endl;}//declare blocks of memory as visitedmemset(visited, 0, sizeof visited);}int main(){string str, num, input;int selection, connectedChoice = 0;//get to input any file, more freedom than declaring file in command linecout << "Enter the exact name of your input file [case sensitive]: ";cin >> input;ifstream inputFile(input); //Read the input file//checks if the ifstream cannot openif(inputFile.fail()){cout << endl << "No input files matching that name. Terminating..." << endl;return 0;}//Read until the end of filewhile(!inputFile.eof()){getline(inputFile, str); //read the current lineif(str == ""){continue;}if(!isdigit(str[0])) //checks to see if the first item in a line is a digit or not{cout << "Invalid file format. You have a line beginning with a non-digit. Terminating..." << endl;return 0;}stringstream ss;ss << str; //convert the line to stream of stringsss >> num; //read the line numstringstream(num) >> u;while(!ss.eof()){ss>>num;if(stringstream(num) >> v){adj[u].push_back(v); //read the adjacent vertices}}N++; //calculate the number of verticessort(adj[u].begin(), adj[u].end()); //sort the adjacency list in case it is not sorted}//creates arbitrary values for distance, will check later if INF remainfor(i = 1; i <= N; i++){dist[i] = INF;}cout << endl << "Valid Input file loaded!" << endl;while(selection != 4){cout << "************************************************" << endl;cout << "What type of analysis would you like to perform?" << endl;cout << "1: Breadth-First Search" << endl;cout << "2: Depth-First Search" << endl;cout << "3: Topological Sort" << endl;cout << "4: Quit" << endl;cout << "************************************************" << endl;//read user input and execute selectioncin >> selection;switch(selection){case 1:cout << endl;BFS();cout << endl;cout << "Would you like to know if the graph is connected?" << endl;cout << "1: Yes" << endl;cout << "Any other key: No" << endl;cin >> connectedChoice;switch(connectedChoice){case 1:if(!isConnected){cout << "The graph is not connected." << endl << endl;}else{cout << "The graph is connected!" << endl << endl;}break;default:break;}break;case 2:cout << endl;DFS();cout << endl;break;case 3:cout << endl;TopSort();cout << endl;break;case 4:return 0;default:cout << endl << "Invalid selection." << endl; //loops the selection prompt until a valid selection is input.}}}
//Leif Messinger//Compile with C++ 20#include <iostream>#include <ranges>#include <vector>#include <functional>#include <cctype> //toupper#include <cxxabi.h>template <typename T>void printType(){std::cout << abi::__cxa_demangle(typeid(T).name(), NULL, NULL, NULL) << std::endl;}template <typename T>class Slicer{public:T begin_;T end_;T trueEnd;Slicer(T begin, T end): begin_(begin), end_(begin), trueEnd(end){}template<typename U>Slicer(U&& vec) : begin_(vec.begin()), end_(vec.begin()), trueEnd(vec.end()){}Slicer& finish(){begin_ = end_;end_ = trueEnd;return (*this);}Slicer& to(long int index){begin_ = end_;if(index > 0){end_ = (begin_ + index);}else{index *= -1;end_ = (trueEnd - index);}return (*this);}Slicer& operator[](long int index){return to(index);}T begin(){return this->begin_;}T end(){return this->end_;}Slicer& operator()(std::function<void(decltype(*begin_))> func) {for(decltype(*begin_) thing : (*this)){func(thing);}return (*this);}};static_assert(std::ranges::range< Slicer<std::vector<int>::const_iterator> >);int main(){std::string vec = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";Slicer<std::string::const_iterator> bruh(vec);//printType<decltype(bruh)>();bruh.to(3)([](char yeet){std::cout << yeet;}).to(-1)([](char yeet){std::cout << char(std::toupper(yeet));}).finish()([](char yeet){std::cout << yeet << yeet << yeet << yeet << yeet;});std::cout << std::endl << std::endl;int arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8};Slicer<int*> arrSlicer(arr, arr + (sizeof(arr)/sizeof(int)));std::cout << "[";arrSlicer.to(-1)([](int yeet){std::cout << yeet << ", ";}).finish()([](int yeet){std::cout << yeet << "]" << std::endl;});return 0;}
#include <iostream>#include <vector>#include <limits>#define DEBUG_TRIAL falseclass Trial{public:const size_t HEIGHT;std::string record;//Breaking height is the index of the floor, so 0 is the bottom floor, height-1 is the top floor.//Eggs is the eggs remaining.//Start is the bottom floor.//End is one above the top floor.const size_t BREAKING_HEIGHT;size_t eggs;size_t start;size_t end;size_t floorsLeft(){return (end-start);}size_t middle(){return start + (floorsLeft()/2UL);}size_t drops = 0;Trial(const size_t BREAKING_HEIGHT, size_t eggs, size_t start, size_t end): BREAKING_HEIGHT(BREAKING_HEIGHT), eggs(eggs), start(start), end(end), HEIGHT(end), record(end, '_'){record[BREAKING_HEIGHT] = 'B'; //Marking the breaking point}bool foundAnswer(){return ((record[0] == 'X') || (record.find("OX")!=std::string::npos));}//returns true if the egg broke.//height is the index of the floor, so 0 is the bottom floor, height-1 is the top floor.bool drop(size_t height){#if DEBUG_TRIALstd::cout << "Start: " << start << ". End: " << end << ". Floors Left: " << floorsLeft() << ". Middle Index: " << middle() << std::endl;#endifdrops++;bool cracked = height >= BREAKING_HEIGHT;if(cracked) --eggs;//Update the recordrecord[height] = (height >= BREAKING_HEIGHT)? 'X' : 'O';#if DEBUG_TRIAL//Print the recordstd::cout << record << std::endl;#endifreturn cracked;}size_t nowWhat(){if(foundAnswer()){return drops;}else if(eggs <= 0){ //Ran out of eggsthrow "Algorithm failed! No more eggs!";return 1UL;}else if(eggs > 1){return wrecklessSearch();}else{return safeSearch();}}size_t safeSearch(){if(drop(start)){--end;}else{++start;}return nowWhat();}size_t wrecklessSearch(){//If the egg breaksif(drop(middle())){end -= (floorsLeft()/2UL);}else{ //egg doesn't crackstart += (floorsLeft()/2UL);}return nowWhat();}//returns the amount of drops needed to find the answersize_t search(){return nowWhat();}};//Height is the height of the building in floors.//Breaking height is the index of the floor, so 0 is the bottom floor, height-1 is the top floor.//Eggs is the eggs given.//returns the amount of drops needed to find the answersize_t search(const size_t height, const size_t BREAKING_HEIGHT, size_t eggs){Trial trial(BREAKING_HEIGHT, eggs, 0, height);return trial.search();}class TrialStats {public:size_t min = std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max();size_t max = 0;double mean = -1.0;void printStats(){// Print the resultsstd::cout << "Minimum drops: " << min << std::endl;std::cout << "Maximum drops: " << max << std::endl;std::cout << "Mean drops: " << mean << std::endl;}};//Benchmarks all the possible breaking points of a single building height with a number of eggs.TrialStats trial(const size_t HEIGHT, const size_t eggs){TrialStats stats;int totaldrops = 0;//Test every possible breaking point//Breaking height is the index of the floor, so 0 is the bottom floor, height-1 is the top floor.for (int breakingHeight = 0; breakingHeight < HEIGHT; ++breakingHeight) {size_t drops = search(HEIGHT, breakingHeight, eggs);stats.min = std::min(stats.min, drops);stats.max = std::max(stats.max, drops);totaldrops += drops;}// Calculate the mean number of dropsstats.mean = static_cast<double>(totaldrops) / HEIGHT;return stats;}//Benchmarks a single building height from 1 egg to MAX_EGGSvoid testTower(const size_t height, const size_t MAX_EGGS){//Drop every amount of eggs that you'd need.for (int eggs = 1; eggs <= MAX_EGGS; ++eggs) {std::cout << "Building height: " << height << ". Num eggs: " << eggs << std::endl;TrialStats stats = trial(height, eggs);stats.printStats();std::cout << std::endl << std::endl;}}//Benchmarks all buildings from 0 to MAX_HEIGHTvoid benchmark(const size_t MAX_HEIGHT){const size_t MAX_EGGS = 2;//Test every buildingfor (size_t height = 1; height <= MAX_HEIGHT; ++height) {testTower(height, std::min(height, MAX_EGGS));}}int main() {constexpr size_t MAX_HEIGHT = 36;benchmark(MAX_HEIGHT);return 0;}
#include <iostream>#include <fstream>#include <string>#include <cstring>using namespace std;//This program makes a new text file that contains all combinations of two letters.// aa, ab, ..., zy, zzint main(){string filename = "two_letters.txt";ofstream outFile;outFile.open(filename.c_str());if(!outFile.is_open()){cout << "Something's wrong. Closing..." << endl;return 0;}for(char first = 'a'; first <= 'z'; first++){for(char second = 'a'; second <= 'z'; second++){outFile << first << second << " ";}outFile << endl;}return 0;}
using namespace std;class Hash{int BUCKET; // No. of buckets// Pointer to an array containing bucketslist<int> *table;public:Hash(int V); // Constructor// inserts a key into hash tablevoid insertItem(int x);// deletes a key from hash tablevoid deleteItem(int key);// hash function to map values to keyint hashFunction(int x) {return (x % BUCKET);}void displayHash();};Hash::Hash(int b){this->BUCKET = b;table = new list<int>[BUCKET];}void Hash::insertItem(int key){int index = hashFunction(key);table[index].push_back(key);}void Hash::deleteItem(int key){// get the hash index of keyint index = hashFunction(key);// find the key in (inex)th listlist <int> :: iterator i;for (i = table[index].begin();i != table[index].end(); i++) {if (*i == key)break;}// if key is found in hash table, remove itif (i != table[index].end())table[index].erase(i);}// function to display hash tablevoid Hash::displayHash() {for (int i = 0; i < BUCKET; i++) {cout << i;for (auto x : table[i])cout << " --> " << x;cout << endl;}}// Driver programint main(){// array that contains keys to be mappedint a[] = {15, 11, 27, 8, 12};int n = sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]);// insert the keys into the hash tableHash h(7); // 7 is count of buckets in// hash tablefor (int i = 0; i < n; i++)h.insertItem(a[i]);// delete 12 from hash tableh.deleteItem(12);// display the Hash tableh.displayHash();return 0;}