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Jun 17, 2024oceantran27
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C++ SigFigs

Sep 7, 2022LeifMessinger

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#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
int main(int argc, char** argv){
//With decimal
if(strstr(argv[1], ".") != nullptr){
int i = 0;
//Skip i to first non 0 digit
while(argv[1][i] < '1' || argv[1][i] > '9') ++i;
//If digit comes before decimal
if((argv[1] + i) < strstr(argv[1], ".")){ //Good example of pointer arithmetic
std::cout << strlen(argv[1] + i) - 1 << std::endl; //Another good example
}else{
//If digit is after decimal
std::cout << strlen(argv[1] + i) << std::endl;
}
}else{
//Without decimal
int m = 0;
int i = 0;
while(argv[1][i] < '1' || argv[1][i] > '9') ++i; //In case of some number like 0045
for(; argv[1][i] != '\0'; ++i){
if(argv[1][i] >= '1' && argv[1][i] <= '9') m = i + 1;
}
std::cout << m << std::endl;
}
return 0;
}

Audio Frequency Amplitudes

Aug 27, 2021LeifMessinger

0 likes • 1 view

//From https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/abhilashpatel121/easyfft-fast-fourier-transform-fft-for-arduino-9d2677
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
const unsigned char sine_data[] = { //Quarter a sine wave
0,
4, 9, 13, 18, 22, 27, 31, 35, 40, 44,
49, 53, 57, 62, 66, 70, 75, 79, 83, 87,
91, 96, 100, 104, 108, 112, 116, 120, 124, 127,
131, 135, 139, 143, 146, 150, 153, 157, 160, 164,
167, 171, 174, 177, 180, 183, 186, 189, 192, 195, //Paste this at top of program
198, 201, 204, 206, 209, 211, 214, 216, 219, 221,
223, 225, 227, 229, 231, 233, 235, 236, 238, 240,
241, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251,
252, 253, 253, 254, 254, 254, 255, 255, 255, 255
};
float sine(int i){ //Inefficient sine
int j=i;
float out;
while(j < 0) j = j + 360;
while(j > 360) j = j - 360;
if(j > -1 && j < 91) out = sine_data[j];
else if(j > 90 && j < 181) out = sine_data[180 - j];
else if(j > 180 && j < 271) out = -sine_data[j - 180];
else if(j > 270 && j < 361) out = -sine_data[360 - j];
return (out / 255);
}
float cosine(int i){ //Inefficient cosine
int j = i;
float out;
while(j < 0) j = j + 360;
while(j > 360) j = j - 360;
if(j > -1 && j < 91) out = sine_data[90 - j];
else if(j > 90 && j < 181) out = -sine_data[j - 90];
else if(j > 180 && j < 271) out = -sine_data[270 - j];
else if(j > 270 && j < 361) out = sine_data[j - 270];
return (out / 255);
}
//Example data:
//-----------------------------FFT Function----------------------------------------------//
float* FFT(int in[],unsigned int N,float Frequency){ //Result is highest frequencies in order of loudness. Needs to be deleted.
/*
Code to perform FFT on arduino,
setup:
paste sine_data [91] at top of program [global variable], paste FFT function at end of program
Term:
1. in[] : Data array,
2. N : Number of sample (recommended sample size 2,4,8,16,32,64,128...)
3. Frequency: sampling frequency required as input (Hz)
If sample size is not in power of 2 it will be clipped to lower side of number.
i.e, for 150 number of samples, code will consider first 128 sample, remaining sample will be omitted.
For Arduino nano, FFT of more than 128 sample not possible due to mamory limitation (64 recomended)
For higher Number of sample may arise Mamory related issue,
Code by ABHILASH
Documentation:https://www.instructables.com/member/abhilash_patel/instructables/
2/3/2021: change data type of N from float to int for >=256 samples
*/
unsigned int sampleRates[13]={1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128,256,512,1024,2048};
int a = N;
int o;
for(int i=0;i<12;i++){ //Snapping N to a sample rate in sampleRates
if(sampleRates[i]<=a){
o = i;
}
}
int in_ps[sampleRates[o]] = {}; //input for sequencing
float out_r[sampleRates[o]] = {}; //real part of transform
float out_im[sampleRates[o]] = {}; //imaginory part of transform
int x = 0;
int c1;
int f;
for(int b=0;b<o;b++){ // bit reversal
c1 = sampleRates[b];
f = sampleRates[o] / (c1 + c1);
for(int j = 0;j < c1;j++){
x = x + 1;
in_ps[x]=in_ps[j]+f;
}
}
for(int i=0;i<sampleRates[o];i++){ // update input array as per bit reverse order
if(in_ps[i]<a){
out_r[i]=in[in_ps[i]];
}
if(in_ps[i]>a){
out_r[i]=in[in_ps[i]-a];
}
}
int i10,i11,n1;
float e,c,s,tr,ti;
for(int i=0;i<o;i++){ //fft
i10 = sampleRates[i]; // overall values of sine/cosine :
i11 = sampleRates[o] / sampleRates[i+1]; // loop with similar sine cosine:
e = 360 / sampleRates[i+1];
e = 0 - e;
n1 = 0;
for(int j=0;j<i10;j++){
c=cosine(e*j);
s=sine(e*j);
n1=j;
for(int k=0;k<i11;k++){
tr = c*out_r[i10 + n1]-s*out_im[i10 + n1];
ti = s*out_r[i10 + n1]+c*out_im[i10 + n1];
out_r[n1 + i10] = out_r[n1]-tr;
out_r[n1] = out_r[n1]+tr;
out_im[n1 + i10] = out_im[n1]-ti;
out_im[n1] = out_im[n1]+ti;
n1 = n1+i10+i10;
}
}
}
/*
for(int i=0;i<sampleRates[o];i++)
{
std::cout << (out_r[i]);
std::cout << ("\t"); // un comment to print RAW o/p
std::cout << (out_im[i]); std::cout << ("i");
std::cout << std::endl;
}
*/
//---> here onward out_r contains amplitude and our_in conntains frequency (Hz)
for(int i=0;i<sampleRates[o-1];i++){ // getting amplitude from compex number
out_r[i] = sqrt(out_r[i]*out_r[i]+out_im[i]*out_im[i]); // to increase the speed delete sqrt
out_im[i] = i * Frequency / N;
std::cout << (out_im[i]); std::cout << ("Hz");
std::cout << ("\t"); // un comment to print freuency bin
std::cout << (out_r[i]);
std::cout << std::endl;
}
x = 0; // peak detection
for(int i=1;i<sampleRates[o-1]-1;i++){
if(out_r[i]>out_r[i-1] && out_r[i]>out_r[i+1]){
in_ps[x] = i; //in_ps array used for storage of peak number
x = x + 1;
}
}
s = 0;
c = 0;
for(int i=0;i<x;i++){ // re arraange as per magnitude
for(int j=c;j<x;j++){
if(out_r[in_ps[i]]<out_r[in_ps[j]]){
s=in_ps[i];
in_ps[i]=in_ps[j];
in_ps[j]=s;
}
}
c=c+1;
}
float* f_peaks = new float[sampleRates[o]];
for(int i=0;i<5;i++){ // updating f_peak array (global variable)with descending order
f_peaks[i]=out_im[in_ps[i]];
}
return f_peaks;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------//
//main.cpp
int data[64]={
14, 30, 35, 34, 34, 40, 46, 45, 30, 4, -26, -48, -55, -49, -37,
-28, -24, -22, -13, 6, 32, 55, 65, 57, 38, 17, 1, -6, -11, -19, -34,
-51, -61, -56, -35, -7, 18, 32, 35, 34, 35, 41, 46, 43, 26, -2, -31, -50,
-55, -47, -35, -27, -24, -21, -10, 11, 37, 58, 64, 55, 34, 13, -1, -7
};
int main(){
const unsigned int SAMPLE_RATE = 48*1000; //48khz
auto result = FFT(data,64,SAMPLE_RATE);
std::cout << result[0] << " " << result[1] << " " << result[2] << " " << result[3] << std::endl;
delete[] result;
return 0;
}

Hash Table Example

Nov 18, 2022AustinLeath

0 likes • 0 views

using namespace std;
class Hash
{
int BUCKET; // No. of buckets
// Pointer to an array containing buckets
list<int> *table;
public:
Hash(int V); // Constructor
// inserts a key into hash table
void insertItem(int x);
// deletes a key from hash table
void deleteItem(int key);
// hash function to map values to key
int hashFunction(int x) {
return (x % BUCKET);
}
void displayHash();
};
Hash::Hash(int b)
{
this->BUCKET = b;
table = new list<int>[BUCKET];
}
void Hash::insertItem(int key)
{
int index = hashFunction(key);
table[index].push_back(key);
}
void Hash::deleteItem(int key)
{
// get the hash index of key
int index = hashFunction(key);
// find the key in (inex)th list
list <int> :: iterator i;
for (i = table[index].begin();
i != table[index].end(); i++) {
if (*i == key)
break;
}
// if key is found in hash table, remove it
if (i != table[index].end())
table[index].erase(i);
}
// function to display hash table
void Hash::displayHash() {
for (int i = 0; i < BUCKET; i++) {
cout << i;
for (auto x : table[i])
cout << " --> " << x;
cout << endl;
}
}
// Driver program
int main()
{
// array that contains keys to be mapped
int a[] = {15, 11, 27, 8, 12};
int n = sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]);
// insert the keys into the hash table
Hash h(7); // 7 is count of buckets in
// hash table
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
h.insertItem(a[i]);
// delete 12 from hash table
h.deleteItem(12);
// display the Hash table
h.displayHash();
return 0;
}

Daily: Find missing array value

Dec 24, 2021aedrarian

3 likes • 21 views

/*
Good morning! Here's your coding interview problem for today.
This problem was asked by Stripe.
Given an array of integers, find the first missing positive integer in linear time and constant space. In other words, find the lowest positive integer that does not exist in the array. The array can contain duplicates and negative numbers as well.
For example, the input [3, 4, -1, 1] should give 2. The input [1, 2, 0] should give 3.
You can modify the input array in-place.
*/
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int calcMissing(int* input, int size)
{
int sum = 0;
int n = 1; //add one to account for missing value
for(int i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
if(input[i] > 0)
{
sum += input[i];
n++;
}
}
//If no numbers higher than 0, answer is 1
if(sum == 0)
return 1;
return (n*(n+1)/2) - sum; //Formula is expectedSum - actualSum
/* expectedSum = n*(n+1)/2, the formula for sum(1, n) */
}
int main()
{
cout << calcMissing(new int[4]{3, 4, -1, 1}, 4) << endl;
cout << calcMissing(new int[3]{1, 2, 0}, 3) << endl;
//No positive numbers
cout << calcMissing(new int[1]{0}, 1) << endl;
}

Two Letter Combinations

Nov 18, 2022AustinLeath

0 likes • 0 views

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
//This program makes a new text file that contains all combinations of two letters.
// aa, ab, ..., zy, zz
int main(){
string filename = "two_letters.txt";
ofstream outFile;
outFile.open(filename.c_str());
if(!outFile.is_open()){
cout << "Something's wrong. Closing..." << endl;
return 0;
}
for(char first = 'a'; first <= 'z'; first++){
for(char second = 'a'; second <= 'z'; second++){
outFile << first << second << " ";
}
outFile << endl;
}
return 0;
}

wordScore.cpp

Apr 16, 2023LeifMessinger

0 likes • 0 views

#include <iostream>
#include <string> //Should already be in iostream
#include <cstdlib>
//A word score adds up the character values. a-z gets mapped to 1-26 for the values of the characters.
//wordScore [wordValue]
//Pipe in the input into stdin, or type the words yourself.
//Lowercase words only
int characterValue(const char b){
return ((b >= 'a') && (b <= 'z'))? ((b - 'a') + 1) : 0;
}
int main(int argc, char** argv){
//The first argument specifies if you are trying to look for a certain word score
int wordValue = (argc > 1)? std::atoi(argv[1]) : 0;
std::string line;
while(std::getline(std::cin, line)){
int sum = 0;
for(const char c : line){
sum += characterValue(c);
}
if(wordValue){ //If wordValue is 0 or the sum is the correct value
if(wordValue == sum){
std::cout << line << std::endl;
}
} else {
std::cout << sum << "\t" << line << std::endl;
}
}
return 0;
}