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my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]removed_element = my_list.pop(2) # Remove and return element at index 2print(removed_element) # 3print(my_list) # [1, 2, 4, 5]last_element = my_list.pop() # Remove and return the last elementprint(last_element) # 5print(my_list) # [1, 2, 4]
magnitude = lambda bits: 1_000_000_000_000_000_000 % (2 ** bits)sign = lambda bits: -1 ** (1_000_000_000_000_000_000 // (2 ** bits))print("64 bit sum:", magnitude(64) * sign(64))print("32 bit sum:", magnitude(32) * sign(32))print("16 bit sum:", magnitude(16) * sign(16))
# Python program for Plotting Fibonacci# spiral fractal using Turtleimport turtleimport mathdef fiboPlot(n):a = 0b = 1square_a = asquare_b = b# Setting the colour of the plotting pen to bluex.pencolor("blue")# Drawing the first squarex.forward(b * factor)x.left(90)x.forward(b * factor)x.left(90)x.forward(b * factor)x.left(90)x.forward(b * factor)# Proceeding in the Fibonacci Seriestemp = square_bsquare_b = square_b + square_asquare_a = temp# Drawing the rest of the squaresfor i in range(1, n):x.backward(square_a * factor)x.right(90)x.forward(square_b * factor)x.left(90)x.forward(square_b * factor)x.left(90)x.forward(square_b * factor)# Proceeding in the Fibonacci Seriestemp = square_bsquare_b = square_b + square_asquare_a = temp# Bringing the pen to starting point of the spiral plotx.penup()x.setposition(factor, 0)x.seth(0)x.pendown()# Setting the colour of the plotting pen to redx.pencolor("red")# Fibonacci Spiral Plotx.left(90)for i in range(n):print(b)fdwd = math.pi * b * factor / 2fdwd /= 90for j in range(90):x.forward(fdwd)x.left(1)temp = aa = bb = temp + b# Here 'factor' signifies the multiplicative# factor which expands or shrinks the scale# of the plot by a certain factor.factor = 1# Taking Input for the number of# Iterations our Algorithm will runn = int(input('Enter the number of iterations (must be > 1): '))# Plotting the Fibonacci Spiral Fractal# and printing the corresponding Fibonacci Numberif n > 0:print("Fibonacci series for", n, "elements :")x = turtle.Turtle()x.speed(100)fiboPlot(n)turtle.done()else:print("Number of iterations must be > 0")
import randomclass Node:def __init__(self, c):self.left = Noneself.right = Noneself.color = cdef SetColor(self,c) :self.color = cdef PrintNode(self) :print(self.color)def insert(s, root, i, n):if i < n:temp = Node(s[i])root = temproot.left = insert(s, root.left,2 * i + 1, n)root.right = insert(s, root.right,2 * i + 2, n)return rootdef MakeTree(s) :list = insert(s,None,0,len(s))return listdef MakeSet() :s = []count = random.randint(7,12)for _ in range(count) :color = random.randint(0,1) == 0 and "Red" or "White"s.append(color)return sdef ChangeColor(root) :if (root != None) :if (root.color == "White") :root.SetColor("Red")ChangeColor(root.left)ChangeColor(root.right)def PrintList(root) :if root.left != None :PrintList(root.left)else :root.PrintNode()if root.right != None :PrintList(root.right)else :root.PrintNode()t1 = MakeTree(MakeSet())print("Original Colors For Tree 1:\n")PrintList(t1)ChangeColor(t1)print("New Colors For Tree 1:\n")PrintList(t1)t2 = MakeTree(MakeSet())print("Original Colors For Tree 2:\n")PrintList(t2)ChangeColor(t2)print("New Colors For Tree 2:\n")PrintList(t2)t3 = MakeTree(MakeSet())print("Original Colors For Tree 3:\n")PrintList(t3)ChangeColor(t3)print("New Colors For Tree 3:\n")PrintList(t3)
# Python program to reverse a linked list# Time Complexity : O(n)# Space Complexity : O(n) as 'next'#variable is getting created in each loop.# Node classclass Node:# Constructor to initialize the node objectdef __init__(self, data):self.data = dataself.next = Noneclass LinkedList:# Function to initialize headdef __init__(self):self.head = None# Function to reverse the linked listdef reverse(self):prev = Nonecurrent = self.headwhile(current is not None):next = current.nextcurrent.next = prevprev = currentcurrent = nextself.head = prev# Function to insert a new node at the beginningdef push(self, new_data):new_node = Node(new_data)new_node.next = self.headself.head = new_node# Utility function to print the linked LinkedListdef printList(self):temp = self.headwhile(temp):print temp.data,temp = temp.next# Driver program to test above functionsllist = LinkedList()llist.push(20)llist.push(4)llist.push(15)llist.push(85)print "Given Linked List"llist.printList()llist.reverse()print "\nReversed Linked List"llist.printList()
#Python program to print topological sorting of a DAGfrom collections import defaultdict#Class to represent a graphclass Graph:def __init__(self,vertices):self.graph = defaultdict(list) #dictionary containing adjacency Listself.V = vertices #No. of vertices# function to add an edge to graphdef addEdge(self,u,v):self.graph[u].append(v)# A recursive function used by topologicalSortdef topologicalSortUtil(self,v,visited,stack):# Mark the current node as visited.visited[v] = True# Recur for all the vertices adjacent to this vertexfor i in self.graph[v]:if visited[i] == False:self.topologicalSortUtil(i,visited,stack)# Push current vertex to stack which stores resultstack.insert(0,v)# The function to do Topological Sort. It uses recursive# topologicalSortUtil()def topologicalSort(self):# Mark all the vertices as not visitedvisited = [False]*self.Vstack =[]# Call the recursive helper function to store Topological# Sort starting from all vertices one by onefor i in range(self.V):if visited[i] == False:self.topologicalSortUtil(i,visited,stack)# Print contents of stackprint(stack)g= Graph(6)g.addEdge(5, 2);g.addEdge(5, 0);g.addEdge(4, 0);g.addEdge(4, 1);g.addEdge(2, 3);g.addEdge(3, 1);print("Following is a Topological Sort of the given graph")g.topologicalSort()