def byte_size(s):
  return len(s.encode('utf-8'))
  
byte_size('😀') # 4
byte_size('Hello World') # 11

# Python Program to calculate the square root

num = float(input('Enter a number: '))

num_sqrt = num ** 0.5
print('The square root of %0.3f is %0.3f'%(num ,num_sqrt))

# Python program to reverse a linked list
# Time Complexity : O(n)
# Space Complexity : O(n) as 'next'
#variable is getting created in each loop.

# Node class


class Node:

	# Constructor to initialize the node object
	def __init__(self, data):
		self.data = data
		self.next = None


class LinkedList:

	# Function to initialize head
	def __init__(self):
		self.head = None

	# Function to reverse the linked list
	def reverse(self):
		prev = None
		current = self.head
		while(current is not None):
			next = current.next
			current.next = prev
			prev = current
			current = next
		self.head = prev

	# Function to insert a new node at the beginning
	def push(self, new_data):
		new_node = Node(new_data)
		new_node.next = self.head
		self.head = new_node

	# Utility function to print the linked LinkedList
	def printList(self):
		temp = self.head
		while(temp):
			print temp.data,
			temp = temp.next


# Driver program to test above functions
llist = LinkedList()
llist.push(20)
llist.push(4)
llist.push(15)
llist.push(85)

print "Given Linked List"
llist.printList()
llist.reverse()
print "\nReversed Linked List"
llist.printList()

from time import sleep

def delay(fn, ms, *args):
  sleep(ms / 1000)
  return fn(*args)

delay(lambda x: print(x), 1000, 'later') # prints 'later' after one second

""" Rock Paper Scissors
----------------------------------------
"""
import random
import os
import re
os.system('cls' if os.name=='nt' else 'clear')
while (1 < 2):
    print "\n"
    print "Rock, Paper, Scissors - Shoot!"
    userChoice = raw_input("Choose your weapon [R]ock], [P]aper, or [S]cissors: ")
    if not re.match("[SsRrPp]", userChoice):
        print "Please choose a letter:"
        print "[R]ock, [S]cissors or [P]aper."
        continue
    // Echo the user's choice
    print "You chose: " + userChoice
    choices = ['R', 'P', 'S']
    opponenetChoice = random.choice(choices)
    print "I chose: " + opponenetChoice
    if opponenetChoice == str.upper(userChoice):
        print "Tie! "
    #if opponenetChoice == str("R") and str.upper(userChoice) == "P"
    elif opponenetChoice == 'R' and userChoice.upper() == 'S':      
        print "Scissors beats rock, I win! "
        continue
    elif opponenetChoice == 'S' and userChoice.upper() == 'P':      
        print "Scissors beats paper! I win! "
        continue
    elif opponenetChoice == 'P' and userChoice.upper() == 'R':      
        print "Paper beat rock, I win! "
        continue
    else:       
        print "You win!"

#Python program to print topological sorting of a DAG
from collections import defaultdict
  
#Class to represent a graph
class Graph:
    def __init__(self,vertices):
        self.graph = defaultdict(list) #dictionary containing adjacency List
        self.V = vertices #No. of vertices
  
    # function to add an edge to graph
    def addEdge(self,u,v):
        self.graph[u].append(v)
  
    # A recursive function used by topologicalSort
    def topologicalSortUtil(self,v,visited,stack):
  
        # Mark the current node as visited.
        visited[v] = True
  
        # Recur for all the vertices adjacent to this vertex
        for i in self.graph[v]:
            if visited[i] == False:
                self.topologicalSortUtil(i,visited,stack)
  
        # Push current vertex to stack which stores result
        stack.insert(0,v)
  
    # The function to do Topological Sort. It uses recursive 
    # topologicalSortUtil()
    def topologicalSort(self):
        # Mark all the vertices as not visited
        visited = [False]*self.V
        stack =[]
  
        # Call the recursive helper function to store Topological
        # Sort starting from all vertices one by one
        for i in range(self.V):
            if visited[i] == False:
                self.topologicalSortUtil(i,visited,stack)
  
        # Print contents of stack
        print(stack)
  
g= Graph(6)
g.addEdge(5, 2);
g.addEdge(5, 0);
g.addEdge(4, 0);
g.addEdge(4, 1);
g.addEdge(2, 3);
g.addEdge(3, 1);
  
print("Following is a Topological Sort of the given graph")
g.topologicalSort()