public class Solution {
    public ListNode mergeTwoLists(ListNode l1, ListNode l2) {
        ListNode head = new ListNode(0);
        ListNode handler = head;
        while(l1 != null && l2 != null) {
            if (l1.val <= l2.val) {
                handler.next = l1;
                l1 = l1.next;
            } else {
                handler.next = l2;
                l2 = l2.next;
            }
            handler = handler.next;
        }
        
        if (l1 != null) {
            handler.next = l1;
        } else if (l2 != null) {
            handler.next = l2;
        }
        
        return head.next;
    }
}

import java.util.*;
 
public class HeapSortMain {
 
   public static void buildheap(int []arr) {
 
    /*
     * As last non leaf node will be at (arr.length-1)/2 
     * so we will start from this location for heapifying the elements
     * */
    for(int i=(arr.length-1)/2; i>=0; i--){
           heapify(arr,i,arr.length-1);
      }
   }
 
   public static void heapify(int[] arr, int i,int size) { 
      int left = 2*i+1;
      int right = 2*i+2;
      int max;
      if(left <= size && arr[left] > arr[i]){
         max=left;
      } else {
         max=i;
      }
 
      if(right <= size && arr[right] > arr[max]) {
         max=right;
      }
      // If max is not current node, exchange it with max of left and right child
      if(max!=i) {
         exchange(arr,i, max);
         heapify(arr, max,size);
      }
   }
 
   public static void exchange(int[] arr,int i, int j) {
        int t = arr[i];
        arr[i] = arr[j];
        arr[j] = t; 
   }
 
   public static int[] heapSort(int[] arr) {
 
      buildheap(arr);
      int sizeOfHeap=arr.length-1;
      for(int i=sizeOfHeap; i>0; i--) {
         exchange(arr,0, i);
         sizeOfHeap=sizeOfHeap-1;
         heapify(arr, 0,sizeOfHeap);
      }
      return arr;
   }
 
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      int[] arr={1,10,16,19,3,5};
      System.out.println("Before Heap Sort : ");
      System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr));
      arr=heapSort(arr);
      System.out.println("=====================");
      System.out.println("After Heap Sort : ");
      System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr));
   }
}

public class UserService {

  private UserRepository userRepository;

  public UserService(UserRepository userRepository) {
    this.userRepository = userRepository;
  }

  public User getUserById(long id) {
    try {
      return userRepository.getUserById(id);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      // Log the exception here
      System.out.println("An error occurred while fetching the user: " + e.getMessage());
      return null;
    }
  }
}

public class UserRepository {

  public User getUserById(long id) throws Exception {
    // Database query to fetch the user
    if (id < 0) {
      throw new Exception("Invalid user id");
    }
    // Return the user object
    return new User(id, "John Doe");
  }
}

public class User {

  private long id;
  private String name;

  public User(long id, String name) {
    this.id = id;
    this.name = name;
  }

  public long getId() {
    return id;
  }

  public String getName() {
    return name;
  }
}

import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.*;
import java.util.*;
 
public void postMail( String recipients[ ], String subject, String message , String from) throws MessagingException
{
    boolean debug = false;
 
     //Set the host smtp address
     Properties props = new Properties();
     props.put("mail.smtp.host", "smtp.example.com");
 
    // create some properties and get the default Session
    Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(props, null);
    session.setDebug(debug);
 
    // create a message
    Message msg = new MimeMessage(session);
 
    // set the from and to address
    InternetAddress addressFrom = new InternetAddress(from);
    msg.setFrom(addressFrom);
 
    InternetAddress[] addressTo = new InternetAddress[recipients.length]; 
    for (int i = 0; i < recipients.length; i++)
    {
        addressTo[i] = new InternetAddress(recipients[i]);
    }
    msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, addressTo);
    
 
    // Optional : You can also set your custom headers in the Email if you Want
    msg.addHeader("MyHeaderName", "myHeaderValue");
 
    // Setting the Subject and Content Type
    msg.setSubject(subject);
    msg.setContent(message, "text/plain");
    Transport.send(msg);
}

//Leif Messinger
//Solves wordle
//Needs a list of wordle words, newline separated and 5 characters each

import java.util.*;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;

class WordleSolver {

	public static void printPointer(int position){
		for(int i = 0; i < position; ++i){
			System.out.print(" ");
		}
		System.out.print("^");
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException{
		if(args.length < 1) return;
		File dictionary = new File(args[0]);
		Scanner sc = new Scanner(dictionary);
		ArrayList<String> possibleWords = new ArrayList<String>();
		while(sc.hasNextLine()){
			possibleWords.add(sc.nextLine());
		}

		Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);

		while(possibleWords.size() > 0){
			//Choose a word out of the possible words
			final int randomIndex = (int)(Math.random() * possibleWords.size());
			String chosenWord = possibleWords.get(randomIndex);
			possibleWords.remove(randomIndex);

			System.out.println("Is it correct?");
			for(int i = 0; i < chosenWord.length(); ++i){
				System.out.println(chosenWord);
				printPointer(i);
				System.out.println(" y/n?");
				if(input.nextLine().toLowerCase().contains("y")){
					//Filter by correct character
					for(int possibleWord = possibleWords.size() - 1; possibleWord >= 0; --possibleWord){ //Has to be backwards for removing entries, also has to be int not unsigned
						if(possibleWords.get(possibleWord).charAt(i) != chosenWord.charAt(i)){
							possibleWords.remove(possibleWord);
						}
					}
				}
			}
			System.out.println("Is it misplaced?");
			//Stores a count of every letter misplaced
			short[] misplacedCounts = new short[('z'-'a')+1]; //Praise be the garbage collector
			for(int i = 0; i < chosenWord.length(); ++i){
				System.out.println(chosenWord);
				printPointer(i);
				System.out.println(" y/n?");
				if(input.nextLine().toLowerCase().contains("y")){
					//Filter to make sure there's at least as many letters as needed
					++misplacedCounts[(chosenWord.charAt(i) - 'a') - 1];
					for(int possibleWord = possibleWords.size() - 1; possibleWord >= 0; --possibleWord){	//Has to be backwards for removing entries, also has to be int not unsigned
						int count = 0;
						for(int j = 0; j < possibleWords.get(possibleWord).length(); ++j){
							if(possibleWords.get(possibleWord).charAt(j) == chosenWord.charAt(i))
								++count;
						}
						//If there's not enough of the character that we need, then we remove that from the list of possible characters
						if(count < misplacedCounts[(chosenWord.charAt(i) - 'a') - 1]){
							possibleWords.remove(possibleWord);
						}
					}
					//Also filter out words where that letter doesn't belong there
					for(int possibleWord = possibleWords.size() - 1; possibleWord >= 0; --possibleWord){ //Has to be backwards for removing entries, also has to be int not unsigned
						if(possibleWords.get(possibleWord).charAt(i) == chosenWord.charAt(i)){
							possibleWords.remove(possibleWord);
							continue;	//Breaks the current word and moves on in the loop
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

import java.util.Arrays;
 
public class QuickSortMain {
 
    private static int array[];
 
    public static void sort(int[] arr) {
 
        if (arr == null || arr.length == 0) {
            return;
        }
        array = arr;
        quickSort(0, array.length-1);
    }
 
    private static void quickSort(int left, int right) {
 
        int i = left;
        int j = right;
        // find pivot number, we will take it as mid
        int pivot = array[left+(right-left)/2];
 
        while (i <= j) {
            /**
             * In each iteration, we will increment left until we find element greater than pivot
             * We will decrement right until we find element less than pivot
             */
            while (array[i] < pivot) { i++; } while (array[j] > pivot) {
                j--;
            }
            if (i <= j) {
                exchange(i, j);
                //move index to next position on both sides
                i++;
                j--;
            }
        }
        // call quickSort() method recursively
        if (left < j)
            quickSort(left, j);
        if (i < right)
            quickSort(i, right);
    }
 
    private static void exchange(int i, int j) {
        int temp = array[i];
        array[i] = array[j];
        array[j] = temp;
    }
 
    public static void main(String a[]){
        int[] input = {33,21,45,64,55,34,11,8,3,5,1};
        System.out.println("Before Sorting : ");
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(input));
        sort(input);
        System.out.println("==================");
        System.out.println("After Sorting : ");
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array));
 
    }
}