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;Main.asm
.386
.model small,c		;This bit is important, I think.
.stack 1000h

.data
	hello db "Hello world!",0

.code
	;includelib libucrt.lib						;All this shit is already here if you have a C object file
	includelib legacy_stdio_definitions.lib		;Except for this. Basically printf, puts etc
	;includelib libcmt.lib
	;includelib libvcruntime.lib ;Visual Studio exception handling and type checking. Not needed otherwise

extrn printf:near ;Extern everything you are gonna use from the c obj files
extrn plusTwo:near
extrn exit:near

public plusOne ;Have to declare it public for the linker to see it. In NASM, it's .globl or global
plusOne proc ;Our int plusOne(int) function.
	pop eax ;Parameters are stored on the stack.
	add eax, 1
	ret ;eax is whatever is returned from functions. Also why you can only return one thing.
plusOne endp

public main
main proc
	push offset hello
	call printf
	push	1
	call	plusTwo
	push 0
	call exit
main endp

end		;End of file, not program

//bruh.c
//#include <stdio.h>					Has to be included with "includelib legacy_stdio_definitions.lib" in the asm file for some reason.
//int printf(const char* format, ...);

extern int plusOne(int); //Extern everything you are gonna use from the asm obj files

int plusTwo(int num) {
	return plusOne(plusOne(num)); //Plus one is defined in the assembly.
}

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; Sample project from the video "Setup Visual Studio for Assembly MASM" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LqyVybUodXE
; Basically reverses a string using the stack. It stores the result where the string was defined, modifying the string itself in memory.

.386
;x86 instruction set. This is only nessesary in x32 MASM.

.model flat, stdcall
;Defines the memory model, and the calling convention http://masm32.com/board/index.php?topic=6942.msg74381#msg74381

.stack 4096
;Sets the size of the stack. 4096 is 1024*4 which is 4 kilobytes.

;option casemap:none
;Make labels case sensitive, so things like ExitProcess and exitprocess and myName and myname are different.

;include \masm32\include\windows.inc
;include \masm32\include\kernel32.inc
;includelib \masm32\lib\kernel32.lib
;Some system calls or something are defined here. Not needed if you just use assembly along side c++ or c. Also can't be used if on anything other than windows.

ExitProcess PROTO, dwEXITCODE:DWORD
;Define the ExitProcess function prototype. ExitProcess is defined somewhere in the Windows API on the OS level.

.data
;Starts the data section of the program, where a lot of read-write memory is needed

	myName BYTE "Leif Messinger", 0
	;Allocates a string named myName initialized with LeifMessinger followed by a terminating null character

	myNameLength = ($ - myName) - 1
	;Allocates a 32 bit number which is initialized to be the current pointer ($), minus the pointer to the start of the string, minus one (because of the null terminating character)

.code
;Starts the section of the program where your code goes. Is the same as .text, and in theory, the name doesn't even matter. The importance is that it ends the data section, which was read-write. Code should be read only.

main PROC
;States the start of the main procedure. This is where the program starts executing.

	mov ecx, myNameLength
	;Sets the loop counter to myNameLength. The loop counts backwards until it reaches zero, meaning that it loops myNameLength times.

	mov esi, 0
	;Sets the general purpose register esi to 0. esi was named because it's a "source index" when moving stuff. It's basically like an i variable in c.

	StackIt:
	;Flag to the start of the loop. Ahh, tss push it

	movzx eax, myName[esi]
	;movzx stands for move with zero extend. It pads the source data (myName[esi]) with enough zeros to fill 32 bits, or enough for the push and pop instructions.

	push eax
	;Pushes the character we just got out of that string (and padded with zeros) to the stack

	inc esi
	;Increments our index

	loop StackIt
	;Decrements ecx and checks if it is equal to 0. If it isn't, jump to StackIt
	
	mov ecx, myNameLength
	;Sets the loop counter to myNameLength. The loop counts backwards until it reaches zero, meaning that it loops myNameLength times.

	mov esi, 0
	;Sets the general purpose register esi to 0. esi was named because it's a "source index" when moving stuff. It's basically like an i variable in c.

	PopIt:
	;Flag to the start of the loop.

	pop eax
	;Pops a 32 bit number off the stack and places it in eax

	mov myName[esi], al
	;Move the lower byte of eax (al) to the string (myName) at the index esi. This overwrites one character of the string.

	inc esi
	;Increments our index

	loop PopIt
	;Decrements ecx and checks if it is equal to 0. If it isn't, jump to StackIt

	INVOKE ExitProcess, 0
	;Exits the program with the error code of 0. The return type was declared in that prototype at the top, and defined by the operating system

main ENDP
;States the end of the main procedure

END main
;Declares the end of the file. Also defines where the start of the program is, which is main.
;Normally the linker looks for main as a place to start, but if you are writing pure assembly, that is need.
;Saying END without a pointer to the start is also alowed for people who like to live dangerously.

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>

using namespace std;

// Function to generate random numbers
vector<int> generateRandomNumbers(int count, int minValue, int maxValue) {
    vector<int> numbers;
    for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
        numbers.push_back(rand() % (maxValue - minValue + 1) + minValue);
    }
    return numbers;
}

// Function to print a vector of integers
void printVector(const vector<int>& vec) {
    for (int num : vec) {
        cout << num << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;
}

// Function to sort and display numbers
void sortAndDisplayNumbers(vector<int>& numbers) {
    sort(numbers.begin(), numbers.end());
    cout << "Sorted numbers: ";
    printVector(numbers);
}

int main() {
    // Seed the random number generator
    srand(static_cast<unsigned int>(time(0)));

    int count, minValue, maxValue;
    
    cout << "Enter the number of random numbers to generate: ";
    cin >> count;
    
    cout << "Enter the minimum value: ";
    cin >> minValue;
    
    cout << "Enter the maximum value: ";
    cin >> maxValue;
    
    // Generate random numbers
    vector<int> numbers = generateRandomNumbers(count, minValue, maxValue);
    
    // Display unsorted numbers
    cout << "Unsorted numbers: ";
    printVector(numbers);
    
    // Sort and display sorted numbers
    sortAndDisplayNumbers(numbers);

    return 0;
}

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