import java.util.Arrays;

public class LongestIncreasingSubsequence {
    public int lengthOfLIS(int[] nums) {
        if (nums.length == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        int[] dp = new int[nums.length];
        Arrays.fill(dp, 1); // Initialize all elements in dp array to 1, as each element itself is a valid subsequence of length 1.

        int maxLength = 1; // Initialize the maximum length to 1, considering a single element as the sequence.

        for (int i = 1; i < nums.length; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
                if (nums[i] > nums[j]) {
                    dp[i] = Math.max(dp[i], dp[j] + 1); // If nums[i] is greater than nums[j], update the longest subsequence length ending at i.
                }
            }
            maxLength = Math.max(maxLength, dp[i]); // Update the maximum length if needed.
        }

        return maxLength;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        LongestIncreasingSubsequence lis = new LongestIncreasingSubsequence();
        int[] nums = {10, 9, 2, 5, 3, 7, 101, 18};
        int result = lis.lengthOfLIS(nums);
        System.out.println("Length of the Longest Increasing Subsequence: " + result); // Output: 4
    }
}

public class Factorial
{
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{	final int NUM_FACTS = 100;
		for(int i = 0; i < NUM_FACTS; i++)
			System.out.println( i + "! is " + factorial(i));
	}
	
	public static int factorial(int n)
	{	int result = 1;
		for(int i = 2; i <= n; i++)
			result *= i;
		return result;
	}
}

public static void enu2ecefCov(GMatrix ecefCov, GMatrix enuCov, LLA refLLA) {
    double lambda = refLLA.longitude;
    double phi = refLLA.latitude;
    
    GMatrix R = new GMatrix(6, 6);
    GMatrix Rt = new GMatrix(6, 6);
    GMatrix tmp1 = new GMatrix(6, 6);
    GMatrix tmp2 = new GMatrix(6, 6);
    
    R.setElement(0, 0, -Math.sin(lambda));
    R.setElement(0, 1, -Math.sin(phi)*Math.cos(lambda));
    R.setElement(0, 2, Math.cos(phi)*Math.cos(lambda));
    R.setElement(1, 0, Math.cos(lambda));
    R.setElement(1, 1, -Math.sin(phi)*Math.sin(lambda));
    R.setElement(1, 2, Math.cos(phi)*Math.sin(lambda));
    R.setElement(2, 0, 0);
    R.setElement(2, 1, Math.cos(phi));
    R.setElement(2, 2, Math.sin(phi));
    R.setElement(3, 3, -Math.sin(lambda));
    R.setElement(3, 4, -Math.sin(phi)*Math.cos(lambda));
    R.setElement(3, 5, Math.cos(phi)*Math.cos(lambda));
    R.setElement(4, 3, Math.cos(lambda));
    R.setElement(4, 4, -Math.sin(phi)*Math.sin(lambda));
    R.setElement(4, 5, Math.cos(phi)*Math.sin(lambda));
    R.setElement(5, 3, 0);
    R.setElement(5, 4, Math.cos(phi));
    R.setElement(5, 5, Math.sin(phi));

    Rt.transpose(R);
    tmp1.mul(enuCov, R);
    ecefCov.mul(Rt, tmp1);
}

import java.util.Arrays;
 
public class QuickSortMain {
 
    private static int array[];
 
    public static void sort(int[] arr) {
 
        if (arr == null || arr.length == 0) {
            return;
        }
        array = arr;
        quickSort(0, array.length-1);
    }
 
    private static void quickSort(int left, int right) {
 
        int i = left;
        int j = right;
        // find pivot number, we will take it as mid
        int pivot = array[left+(right-left)/2];
 
        while (i <= j) {
            /**
             * In each iteration, we will increment left until we find element greater than pivot
             * We will decrement right until we find element less than pivot
             */
            while (array[i] < pivot) { i++; } while (array[j] > pivot) {
                j--;
            }
            if (i <= j) {
                exchange(i, j);
                //move index to next position on both sides
                i++;
                j--;
            }
        }
        // call quickSort() method recursively
        if (left < j)
            quickSort(left, j);
        if (i < right)
            quickSort(i, right);
    }
 
    private static void exchange(int i, int j) {
        int temp = array[i];
        array[i] = array[j];
        array[j] = temp;
    }
 
    public static void main(String a[]){
        int[] input = {33,21,45,64,55,34,11,8,3,5,1};
        System.out.println("Before Sorting : ");
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(input));
        sort(input);
        System.out.println("==================");
        System.out.println("After Sorting : ");
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array));
 
    }
}

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.TreeMap;

public class SimpleWordCounter {
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            File f = new File("ciaFactBook2008.txt");
            Scanner sc;
            sc = new Scanner(f);
            // sc.useDelimiter("[^a-zA-Z']+");
            Map<String, Integer> wordCount = new TreeMap<String, Integer>();
            while(sc.hasNext()) {
                String word = sc.next();
                if(!wordCount.containsKey(word))
                    wordCount.put(word, 1);
                else
                    wordCount.put(word, wordCount.get(word) + 1);
            }
            
            // show results
            for(String word : wordCount.keySet())
                System.out.println(word + " " + wordCount.get(word));
            System.out.println(wordCount.size());
        }
        catch(IOException e) {
            System.out.println("Unable to read from file.");
        }
    }
}

public class UserService {

  private UserRepository userRepository;

  public UserService(UserRepository userRepository) {
    this.userRepository = userRepository;
  }

  public User getUserById(long id) {
    try {
      return userRepository.getUserById(id);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      // Log the exception here
      System.out.println("An error occurred while fetching the user: " + e.getMessage());
      return null;
    }
  }
}

public class UserRepository {

  public User getUserById(long id) throws Exception {
    // Database query to fetch the user
    if (id < 0) {
      throw new Exception("Invalid user id");
    }
    // Return the user object
    return new User(id, "John Doe");
  }
}

public class User {

  private long id;
  private String name;

  public User(long id, String name) {
    this.id = id;
    this.name = name;
  }

  public long getId() {
    return id;
  }

  public String getName() {
    return name;
  }
}